Example: They favour forging a more robust border management mechanism between the two neighbours.
1. Robust [roh-buhst, roh-buhst]
Adjective: strong and healthy; hardy; vigorous; strongly or stoutly built; suited to or requiring bodily strength or endurance; rough, rude, or boisterous.
Synonyms: booming, hearty, hefty, potent, powerful, prosperous, sturdy, tough, vigorous, able-bodied, athletic, boisterous, brawny, built.
Antonyms: fragile, impotent, incapable, ineffective.
Example: Vulnerabilities in bourses must be scrutinised, says Lavasa.
2. Bourse [boo rs]
Noun: a stock exchange, especially the stock exchange of certain European cities.
Example: Southeast Asia’s largest economy, Indonesia, has often felt like a moderate oasis in an angry, global desert of religious extremism.
3. Oasis [oh-ey-sis]
Noun: a small fertile or green area in a desert region, usually having a spring or well; something serving as a refuge, relief, or pleasant change from what is usual, annoying, difficult, etc.
Synonyms: fountain, well, wellspring, watering hole.
Example: And yet, Indonesia chose a humble man with a commitment to pluralism and clean government, thereby providing a refutation of the pernicious argument that the only viable path for poor, populous nations is authoritarianism.
4. Refutation [ref-yoo-tey-shuh n]
Noun: an act of refuting a statement, charge, etc.; disproof.
Synonyms: rebuttal, argument, confutation, disproof, elenchus.
Antonyms: confirmation.
5. Pernicious [per-nish-uh s]
Adjective: causing insidious harm or ruin; ruinous; injurious; hurtful; deadly; fatal; evil; wicked.
Synonyms: damaging, dangerous, deadly, destructive, detrimental, devastating, harmful, lethal, malicious, nefarious, noxious, poisonous, ruinous, toxic, virulent, baleful, deleterious.
Antonyms: advantageous, assisting, beneficial, benevolent.
6. Authoritarian [uh-thawr-i-tair-ee-uh n, uh-thor-]
Adjective: favoring complete obedience or subjection to authority as opposed to individual freedom; of or relating to a governmental or political system, principle, or practice in which individual freedom is held as completely subordinate to the power or authority of the state, centered either in one person or a small group that is not constitutionally accountable to the people.
Synonyms: autocracy, despotism, dictatorship, totalitarianism, monocracy.
Antonym: democracy.
Example: Mr. Purnama’s slow-motion downfall began in September last year when right-wing vigilante groups began alleging that he had committed blasphemy while on the campaign trail for his 2017 re-election.
7. Vigilante [vij-uh-lan-tee]
Noun: a member of a vigilance committee; any person who takes the law into his or her own hands, as by avenging a crime.
Adjective: done violently and summarily, without recourse to lawful procedures.
Synonyms: angel, attendant, baby-sitter, cerberus, champion, chaperon, chaperone, conservator, cop, curator, custodian, defender, escort, guard, keeper, nurse, overseer.
8. Blasphemy [blas-fuh-mee]
Noun: impious utterance or action concerning God or sacred things.
Synonyms: desecration, heresy, abuse, execration, impiety, impiousness, imprecation, indignity, lewdness, profanation, profaneness, profanity, sacrilege, scoffing, scurrility.
Antonyms: respect, godliness, piety, religion.
Example: After years of playing a relatively fringe role in Indonesian politics, it has emerged as a force to be reckoned with.
9. Fringe [frinj]
Noun: a decorative border of thread, cord, or the like, usually hanging loosely from a raveled edge or separate strip; anything resembling or suggesting this; an outer edge; margin; periphery.
Verb: to furnish with or as if with a fringe; to serve as a fringe for, or to be arranged around or along so as to suggest a fringe.
Synonyms: brink, edge, hem, outskirts, perimeter, periphery, skirt, verge, binding, borderline, brim, edging, flounce, limit, mane, march, margin, outside.
Antonyms: center, inside, interior, middle.
10. Reckon [rek-uh n]
Verb: to count, compute, or calculate, as in number or amount; to esteem or consider; regard as.
Synonyms: calculate, look upon, surmise, take account of, account, appraise, approximate, call, cast, cipher, compute, conjecture, consider.
Antonyms: abandon, cancel, disbelieve, displace.