Types of Risks In Banking

Types of Risks in Banks is a very important topic from exam point of view because the questions are often asked in mains examination as well as questions asked in interview are from this topic. This topic is very important from upcoming exam point of view like RBI Grade B, RBI Assistant, SEBI, NABARD, SIDBI, SBI PO, IBPS PO, IBPS Clerk, etc. In this article, we will try to cover every possible aspect of this topic so that you can ace your banking exams like a pro. We are sure that after reading this article you will be able to answer majority of the questions based on this topic.

Define Risks?

Risk is define as the occurence of an unexpceted loss due to an event in the economy or in the financial markets. There are various types of risks a bank may face which needs to be managed carefully with proper planning. One of the reason due to which risks can also arise from staff oversight or mala fide intention, which basically causes erosion in the values of assets thus leading to a reduction the bank’s intrinsic value.

Types of Risks in Banks

Risks in the Banking sector can be categorised into two types namely :Systematic Risks and Unsystematic Risks.

Systematic Risks: It is define as the risk inherent to the entire market or a market segment, and it can affect a large number of assets. It is also known as Undiversifiable Risk or Volatility and market risk. It basically affects the overall market and not just a stock or industry in particular thus we can neither predict this type of risk nor we can completly avoid it. For example- interest rate changes, inflation, recessions and wars.

Unsystematic Risks: It is define as the risk that affects a very small number of assets. It is also known as Nonsystematic Risk, Specific Risk, Diversifiable Risk and Residual Risk. It refers to the uncertainty inherent to a company or industry investment in particular. For example- change in management, a product recall, a regulatory change that could drive down company sales and a new competitor in the marketplace with the potential to take away market share from a company in which you’ve invested. With proper planing it is possible to avoid unsystematic risks.

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Other Types Of Risks

Credit of Default Risk: We can define it as  the risk in which a borrower is unable to pay the interest or principal on its debt obligations. As per the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, Credit risk is  defines  as the potential that a bank borrower, or counter-party, will fail to meet its payment obligations regarding the terms agreed with the bank.

Market Risk: As per The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, Market risks can be  define as a  market risk  of losses in on-balance or off-balance sheet positions that arise from movement in market prices. It is the most prominent for banks present in investment banking.