Example: Third, Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s attempt to pass the blame for the disruptive introduction of the GST and its shambolic implementation on the Congress implies that something is really changing on the ground.
1. Disruptive [dis-ruhp-tiv]
Adjective: causing, tending to cause, or caused by disruption; disrupting.
Synonyms: disturbing, rowdy, troublesome, unruly, upsetting, disorderly, distracting, obstreperous, off-base, out-of-line, out-of-order, troublemaking.
Antonyms: calming, disciplined, settling, soothing.
2. Shambolic [sham-bol-ik]
Adjective: very disorganized; messy or confused.
Example: The Gujarat election, which was expected to be an easy win for the BJP, has unexpectedly developed into a possibly close and certainly engrossing contest.
3. Engrossing [en-groh-sing]
Adjective: fully occupying the mind or attention; absorbing.
Synonyms: absorbing, captivating, compelling, enthralling, exciting, fascinating, gripping, intriguing, riveting, stimulating, consuming, controlling, monopolizing, obsessing, preoccupying, provoking, all-consuming.
Antonyms: boring, repellent, repulsive, uninteresting.
Example: For the past several years, the BJP has constantly harped on the Gujarat model of development claiming that it was a perfect formula for growth, and it could be extended to the rest of the country.
4. Harp on /upon
Verb phrases: to dwell on persistently or tediously in speaking or writing.
Example: Ensuring that the Gujarat election remains a State battle, the Congress has fashioned its campaign around governance, law and order and failed promises of the Gujarat model, and questioning the leadership of incumbent Chief Minister Vijay Rupani and his predecessor Anandiben Patel while targeting specific social constituencies.
5. Incumbent [in-kuhm-buh nt]
Adjective: holding an indicated position, role, office, etc., currently; obligatory (often followed by on or upon):
Noun: the holder of an office.
Synonyms: binding, necessary, compelling, urgent.
Antonym: unnecessary.
Example: The party has been rendered organisationally quite weak in Gujarat over the past two decades; it needs a dedicated cadre of grassroots workers and an organisation to fight the formidable RSS/BJP election machine, which it does not have, leave alone the capacity to micro-manage elections as this political machine can.
6. Render [ren-der]
Verb: to cause to be or become; make; to do; perform; to furnish; provide; to exhibit or show (obedience, attention, etc.); to present for consideration, approval, payment, action, etc., as an account.
Synonyms: accomplished, concluded, done, effected, carried out.
7. Cadre [kad-ree, kah-drey]
Noun: Military. The key group of officers and enlisted personnel necessary to establish and train a new military unit; a group of trained or otherwise qualified personnel capable of forming, training, or leading an expanded organization, as a religious or political faction, or a skilled work force; (especially in Communist countries) a cell of trained and devoted workers.
Synonyms: organization, personnel, staff, core, force, framework, infrastructure, officers, key group.
8. Grassroots [gras-roots, -roo ts, grahs-]
Noun: the common or ordinary people, especially as contrasted with the leadership or elite of a political party, social organization, etc.; the rank and file; the agricultural and rural areas of a country; the people inhabiting these areas, especially as a political, social, or economic group; the origin or basis of something; the basic or primary concept, rule, part, or the like.
Adjective: of, relating to, or involving the common people, especially as contrasted with or separable from an elite.
Synonyms: central, constitutional, crucial, elemental, elementary, essential, indispensable, integral, intrinsic, major, necessary, paramount, principal, radical, significant, structural, theoretical, underlying, vital, bottom, cardinal, first, key, organic, original, primary, prime, primitive, requisite, supporting, axiological, axiomatic, basal, bottom-line, constitutive, foundational, grass-roots.
Antonyms: accessory, auxiliary, extrinsic, inessential.
9. Formidable [fawr-mi-duh-buh l]
Adjective: causing fear, apprehension, or dread; of discouraging or awesome strength, size, difficulty, etc.; intimidating; arousing feelings of awe or admiration because of grandeur, strength, etc.
Synonyms: dangerous, daunting, dire, dreadful, fierce, imposing, impregnable, intimidating, menacing, terrific, appalling, awful, dismaying, fearful, frightful, horrific.
Antonyms: calm, poor, trivial, unimportant.
Example: The new coalition is pivoted on socio-economic issues, and not identity politics.
10. Pivot [piv-uh t]
Noun: a pin, point, or short shaft on the end of which something rests and turns, or upon and about which something rotates or oscillates; the end of a shaft or arbor, resting and turning in a bearing; any thing or person on which something or someone functions or depends vitally.
Verb: to turn on or as on a pivot.
Synonyms: fulcrum, axle, center, heart, hinge, hub, kingpin, shaft, spindle, swivel, focal point, revolves axis, turning point.
Antonyms: exterior, exteriority, outside, periphery.
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