GA Topper Series: Health Statistics of India

National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5)

• The report comprises detailed information on key domains of population, health and family welfare and associated domains like characteristics of the population; fertility; family planning; infant and child mortality; maternal and child health; nutrition and anaemia; morbidity and healthcare; women’s empowerment etc.
• New dimensions added are death registration, pre-school education, expanded domains of child immunization, components of micro-nutrients to children, menstrual hygiene, frequency of alcohol and tobacco use, additional components of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), expanded age range for measuring hypertension and diabetes among all aged 15 years and above.
• Key results from NFHS-5 National Report- Progress from NFHS-4 (2015-16) to NFHS-5 (2019-21)-

• The Total Fertility Rate (TFR), the average number of children per woman, has further declined from 2.2 to 2.0 at the national level between NFHS-4 & 5. There are only five states in India, which are above the replacement level of fertility of 2.1. They are Bihar (2.98), Meghalaya (2.91), Uttar Pradesh (2.35), and Jharkhand (2.26) Manipur (2.17).
• Overall Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR) has increased substantially from 54% to 67% in the country.
• The proportion of pregnant women who had an ANC visit in the first trimester increased from 59 to 70 percent between NFHS-4 and NFHS-5
• Institutional Births have increased substantially from 79 percent to 89 percent in India
• In NFHS-5, more than three-fourths (77%) of children aged 12-23 months were fully immunized, compared with 62 percent in NFHS-4.
• The level of stunting among children under 5 years has marginally declined from 38 to 36 percent for India in the last four years
• NFHS-5 shows an overall improvement in SDG indicators in all States/UTs. The extent to which married women usually participate in three household decisions (about health care for themselves; making major household purchases; visit to her family or relatives) indicates that their participation in decision-making is high, ranging from 80 percent in Ladakh to 99 percent in Nagaland and Mizoram. Rural (77%) and urban (81%) difference is found to be marginal.
• The prevalence of women having bank or savings accounts that they use has increased from 53 to 79 percent in the last 4 years.

Health Statistics of India in Hindi

National Family Health Survey (NFHS-6)

• NFHS-6, which is scheduled to be conducted during 2023-24, propose to cover various new domain areas, which include:
• COVID-19 hospitalization and distress financing, COVID-19 vaccinations, Director Benefit Transfers (DBT) under various welfare schemes initiated by GoI, Migration, Utilization of health services –Health and wellness centre, health insurance/ health financing, digital literacy, counselling on family planning after abortion and incentives under new methods of family planning, quality of family planning programme, menstrual hygiene, marital choice, visit by community health workers for health awareness and needs, supplementary nutrition from the Anganwadi/ ICDS center while breastfeeding, blood transfusion (month and year), financial inclusion among women, knowledge of anaemia, Hepatitis B &C, Syphilis etc.
• NFHS-6 will adopt the Urban Frame Survey (UFS, 2012-17) of NSO, and MoSPI as a sampling frame for an urban area.

Rural Health Statistics (RHS) publication

• Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW) has been publishing Rural Health Statistics (RHS) publications since the year 1992, which contain important and crucial information related to Human Resources and Health Infrastructure available in the Public Health facilities of India as on 31st March of every year.
• Based on the new requirement, the formats of the publication have been changed from time to time. From the year 2018-19 onwards, the data with respect to the Urban Health components have also been included in the publication

Answer the following expected questions in the comment section-

Q1. Who publishes Urban Frame Survey?

Q2. Who publishes Ural Health Statistics?

Q3. How many states have TFR above replacement level?