Directions (1-5): Given below are six sentences (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) and (G). Answer the following questions after rearranging the following sentences into a coherent paragraph along with the identification of the incoherent sentence.
(A)The Act allows seven years of market exclusivity and financial incentives to innovators of these drugs.
(B)Privileges under the Act may be conferred to companies for drugs to treat a disease that affect less than 200,000 people in the U.S., or for a disease that affects more than 200,000 people but for which there is no hope of recouping R&D costs.
(C)As a result of this exclusivity, orphan drugs are often exorbitantly priced.
(D)The idea is that without these incentives, companies would find it difficult to recoup their R&D costs given the small number of people suffering from the rare disease.
(E) Gilead stated that it had transitioned to an “expanded access” programme, for emergency use in severely ill patients.
(F)In the U.S., under the Orphan Drug Act, 1983, companies are provided incentives to develop therapies, or orphan drugs, for rare diseases.
(G)Interestingly, according to the regulations for revocation, if the number of people suffering from the disease exceeds 200,000 after designation but before approval, this would not be a ground for revocation.
Q1. If sentence (A) “The Act allows seven years of market exclusivity and financial incentives to innovators of these drugs.” , is the THIRD sentence of the coherent paragraph, then which of the following sentences doesn’t fit into the paragraph, formed after rearranging other sentences?
(a) C
(b) F
(c) D
(d) E
(e) B
Q2. Which of the following pairs fall correctly as it is in the final coherent sequence of the sentences, formed after rearrangement?
(a) C-B
(b) B-E
(c) A-D
(d) C-E
(e) E-D
Q3. If sentence (A) “The Act allows seven years of market exclusivity and financial incentives to innovators of these drugs.”, is the THIRD sentence of the coherent paragraph, identify the correct sequence of the sentences to form a coherent paragraph (excluding the incoherent one)?
(a) FEACBG
(b) FDACBG
(c) FADECG
(d) FDACGB
(e) FEACDB
Q4. Considering the sentence (A) “The Act allows seven years of market exclusivity and financial incentives to innovators of these drugs.”, is the THIRD sentence of the coherent paragraph, which of the following statement should be the FIFTH sentence after the rearrangement (excluding the incoherent sentence)?
(a) B
(b) A
(c) F
(d) D
(e) C
Q5. Considering the sentence the sentence (A) “The Act allows seven years of market exclusivity and financial incentives to innovators of these drugs.”, is the THIRD sentence of the coherent paragraph, which of the following statement should be the SECOND sentence after the rearrangement (excluding the incoherent sentence)?
(a) F
(b) B
(c) E
(d) C
(e) D
Directions (6-10): In the following given passage, certain words are highlighted which may or may not be fit in the sentence either grammatically or contextually. Each word is numbered followed by four possible replacements. If none of the possible replacements could replace the highlighted word, mark your answer, (e); “None of the above”.
Q6. The government has acted with reasonable possible (6) to create the post of the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS), who will head the Department of Military Affairs (DMA). It was only four months ago, on August 15, that the Prime Minister pointing (7) the importance of creating this post, whereas two Defence Ministers came and went after Manohar Parrikar promised that this move was very much on the government’s agenda. To be fair, the lately(8) has been more a result of fears in the minds of the three services — the Indian Army, Indian Navy and Indian Air Force — of how such a development could impact on the role and functioning of the three arms of the armed forces, in terms of restriction(9) their importance. There must have been a parallelism (10) thought in the bureaucracy how such a shift would affect them too. This move will install the CDS, in the rank of a four star general, as Secretary, DMA.
(a) Enthusiastic
(b) Alacrity
(c) Eager
(d) Zealous
(e) None of the above
Q7. The government has acted with reasonable possible (6) to create the post of the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS), who will head the Department of Military Affairs (DMA). It was only four months ago, on August 15, that the Prime Minister pointing (7) the importance of creating this post, whereas two Defence Ministers came and went after Manohar Parrikar promised that this move was very much on the government’s agenda. To be fair, the lately(8) has been more a result of fears in the minds of the three services — the Indian Army, Indian Navy and Indian Air Force — of how such a development could impact on the role and functioning of the three arms of the armed forces, in terms of restriction(9) their importance. There must have been a parallelism (10) thought in the bureaucracy how such a shift would affect them too. This move will install the CDS, in the rank of a four star general, as Secretary, DMA.
(a) Stressed
(b) Forcibly
(c) Pressurized
(d) Compelling
(e) None of the above
Q8. The government has acted with reasonable possible (6) to create the post of the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS), who will head the Department of Military Affairs (DMA). It was only four months ago, on August 15, that the Prime Minister pointing (7) the importance of creating this post, whereas two Defence Ministers came and went after Manohar Parrikar promised that this move was very much on the government’s agenda. To be fair, the lately(8) has been more a result of fears in the minds of the three services — the Indian Army, Indian Navy and Indian Air Force — of how such a development could impact on the role and functioning of the three arms of the armed forces, in terms of restriction(9) their importance. There must have been a parallelism (10) thought in the bureaucracy how such a shift would affect them too. This move will install the CDS, in the rank of a four star general, as Secretary, DMA.
(a) Postponed
(b) Adjourned
(c) Suspend
(d) Delay
(e) None of the above
Q9. The government has acted with reasonable possible (6) to create the post of the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS), who will head the Department of Military Affairs (DMA). It was only four months ago, on August 15, that the Prime Minister pointing (7) the importance of creating this post, whereas two Defence Ministers came and went after Manohar Parrikar promised that this move was very much on the government’s agenda. To be fair, the lately(8) has been more a result of fears in the minds of the three services — the Indian Army, Indian Navy and Indian Air Force — of how such a development could impact on the role and functioning of the three arms of the armed forces, in terms of restriction(9) their importance. There must have been a parallelism (10) thought in the bureaucracy how such a shift would affect them too. This move will install the CDS, in the rank of a four star general, as Secretary, DMA.
(a) Curb
(b) Prevailed
(c) Curtailing
(d) Continue
(e) None of the above
Q10. The government has acted with reasonable possible (6) to create the post of the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS), who will head the Department of Military Affairs (DMA). It was only four months ago, on August 15, that the Prime Minister pointing (7) the importance of creating this post, whereas two Defence Ministers came and went after Manohar Parrikar promised that this move was very much on the government’s agenda. To be fair, the lately(8) has been more a result of fears in the minds of the three services — the Indian Army, Indian Navy and Indian Air Force — of how such a development could impact on the role and functioning of the three arms of the armed forces, in terms of restriction(9) their importance. There must have been a parallelism (10) thought in the bureaucracy how such a shift would affect them too. This move will install the CDS, in the rank of a four star general, as Secretary, DMA.
(a) Similarity
(b) Parallel
(c) Matching
(d) Comparing
(e) None of the above
Directions (11-15): Read the following passage and answer the questions as directed. There are some blanks given in the passage-based in which some questions are framed, and some words are highlighted as well to help you answer some of the questions.
India’s dream of becoming a $5-trillion economy by 2024 is now in the open with a ‘blue sky’ vision …………………………(A) in the Economic Survey this year.
(B) The conditions (1) lays down a clear strategy to augment the growth (2) of key sectors by shifting gears as the current economic document (3) are smooth in terms of macroeconomic stability (4) to expand growth. However, unless there are adequate investment reforms in primary sectors, steps taken to augment growth in other sectors would be futile.
(C) According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), insufficient investment in the agriculture sector in most developing countries over the past 30 years has resulting in low productivity and stagnant production.
In India, with a steadily decreasing share of 14.4% in Gross Value Added since 2015-16, the sector’s contribution to a $5-trillion economy would be around $1 trillion — assuming a positive annual growth rate hereafter.
Investment is the key to unlocking the …………………………(D) of a developing economy. However, the myopic policy regime in the past several decades has resulted in sluggish investment growth in the farm sector. Therefore, strengthening the sector with an enabling investment package (both public and private) is critical.
First, the wave of investment should touch segments such as agro-processing, and exports, agri-startups, and agri-tourism, where the potential for job creation and capacity …………………….(E) is far less.
Q11. Which of the following word given in the options should come at the place marked as (A) in the above passage to make it grammatically correct and meaningful? Also, the word should fill in the two sentences given below to make them contextually correct and meaningful.
(I) Murrayfield opted into the law because it was _______________ at the time that football matches would be played at the stadium.
(II) Great care was taken as the board _______________ disastrous results if the earthworks collapsed and released a wall of water upon New Plymouth.
(a) Envisaged
(b) Issue
(c) Approach
(d) Constant
(e) None of these
Q12. The sentence given in (B) has four words given in bold. Amongst the given bold words which of the followings must replace each other to make the sentence contextually correct and meaningful?
(a) 2-1 and 3-4
(b) 1-3
(c) Only 2-3
(d) 1-4 and 2-3
(e) Only 2-4
Q13. In the above passage, sentence (C) is italicized. There may or may not be error in one part of the sentence, select the part having error it in.
(a) According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), insufficient
(b) investment in the agriculture sector in most developing
(c) countries over the past 30 years has resulting in low
(d) productivity and stagnant production
(e) None of these
Q14. Which of the following should fill the blank given in (D) to make it contextually correct and meaningful?
(a) Circumstance
(b) Generate
(c) Campaign
(d) Potential
(e) None of the above
Q15. Which of the following word given in the options should come at the place marked as (E) in the given passage to make it grammatically correct and meaningful? Also, the word should fill in the two sentences given below to make them contextually correct and meaningful.
(I) Having health insurance was associated with ________________ of both primary health care and drug treatment.
(II) There are practical results in the ________________ of geoinformation systems and standardization of software and hardware.
(a) Dwelling
(b) Knighted
(c) Wandering
(d) Utilization
(e) None of these
Solutions
S1. Ans. (d)
Sol. The correct sequence is FDACBG.
(F)In the U.S., under the Orphan Drug Act, 1983, companies are provided incentives to develop therapies, or orphan drugs, for rare diseases.
(D)The idea is that without these incentives, companies would find it difficult to recoup their R&D costs given the small number of people suffering from the rare disease.
(A)The Act allows seven years of market exclusivity and financial incentives to innovators of these drugs.
(C)As a result of this exclusivity, orphan drugs are often exorbitantly priced.
(B)Privileges under the Act may be conferred to companies for drugs to treat a disease that affect less than 200,000 people in the U.S., or for a disease that affects more than 200,000 people but for which there is no hope of recouping R&D costs.
(G)Interestingly, according to the regulations for revocation, if the number of people suffering from the disease exceeds 200,000 after designation but before approval, this would not be a ground for revocation.
Hence, option (d) is the right answer choice.
S2. Ans. (a)
Sol. The correct sequence is FDACBG.
(F)In the U.S., under the Orphan Drug Act, 1983, companies are provided incentives to develop therapies, or orphan drugs, for rare diseases.
(D)The idea is that without these incentives, companies would find it difficult to recoup their R&D costs given the small number of people suffering from the rare disease.
(A)The Act allows seven years of market exclusivity and financial incentives to innovators of these drugs.
(C)As a result of this exclusivity, orphan drugs are often exorbitantly priced.
(B)Privileges under the Act may be conferred to companies for drugs to treat a disease that affect less than 200,000 people in the U.S., or for a disease that affects more than 200,000 people but for which there is no hope of recouping R&D costs.
(G)Interestingly, according to the regulations for revocation, if the number of people suffering from the disease exceeds 200,000 after designation but before approval, this would not be a ground for revocation.
Hence, option (a) is the right answer choice.
S3. Ans. (b)
Sol. The correct sequence is FDACBG.
(F)In the U.S., under the Orphan Drug Act, 1983, companies are provided incentives to develop therapies, or orphan drugs, for rare diseases.
(D)The idea is that without these incentives, companies would find it difficult to recoup their R&D costs given the small number of people suffering from the rare disease.
(A)The Act allows seven years of market exclusivity and financial incentives to innovators of these drugs.
(C)As a result of this exclusivity, orphan drugs are often exorbitantly priced.
(B)Privileges under the Act may be conferred to companies for drugs to treat a disease that affect less than 200,000 people in the U.S., or for a disease that affects more than 200,000 people but for which there is no hope of recouping R&D costs.
(G)Interestingly, according to the regulations for revocation, if the number of people suffering from the disease exceeds 200,000 after designation but before approval, this would not be a ground for revocation.
Hence, option (b) is the right answer choice.
S4. Ans. (a)
Sol. The correct sequence is FDACBG.
(F)In the U.S., under the Orphan Drug Act, 1983, companies are provided incentives to develop therapies, or orphan drugs, for rare diseases.
(D)The idea is that without these incentives, companies would find it difficult to recoup their R&D costs given the small number of people suffering from the rare disease.
(A)The Act allows seven years of market exclusivity and financial incentives to innovators of these drugs.
(C)As a result of this exclusivity, orphan drugs are often exorbitantly priced.
(B)Privileges under the Act may be conferred to companies for drugs to treat a disease that affect less than 200,000 people in the U.S., or for a disease that affects more than 200,000 people but for which there is no hope of recouping R&D costs.
(G)Interestingly, according to the regulations for revocation, if the number of people suffering from the disease exceeds 200,000 after designation but before approval, this would not be a ground for revocation.
Hence, option (a) is the right answer choice.
S5. Ans. (e)
Sol. The correct sequence is FDACBG.
(F)In the U.S., under the Orphan Drug Act, 1983, companies are provided incentives to develop therapies, or orphan drugs, for rare diseases.
(D)The idea is that without these incentives, companies would find it difficult to recoup their R&D costs given the small number of people suffering from the rare disease.
(A)The Act allows seven years of market exclusivity and financial incentives to innovators of these drugs.
(C)As a result of this exclusivity, orphan drugs are often exorbitantly priced.
(B)Privileges under the Act may be conferred to companies for drugs to treat a disease that affect less than 200,000 people in the U.S., or for a disease that affects more than 200,000 people but for which there is no hope of recouping R&D costs.
(G)Interestingly, according to the regulations for revocation, if the number of people suffering from the disease exceeds 200,000 after designation but before approval, this would not be a ground for revocation.
Hence, option (e) is the right answer choice.
S6. Ans. (b)
Sol. Alacrity can replace the highlighted word numbed (6). Hence, option (b) is the right answer choice.
S7. Ans. (a)
Sol. Stressed can replace the highlighted word numbed (7). Hence, option (a) is the right answer choice.
S8. Ans. (d)
Sol. Delay can replace the highlighted word numbed (8). Hence, option (d) is the right answer choice
S9. Ans. (c)
Sol. curtailing can replace the highlighted word numbed (9). Hence, option (c) is the right answer choice.
S10. Ans. (b)
Sol. Parallel can replace the highlighted word numbed (10). Hence, option (b) is the right answer choice.
S11. Ans. (a)
Sol. Here, ‘Envisaged’ fits in the blank (A) and in the given two statements as well.
S12. Ans. (b)
Sol. Here, after the replacement, the contextually and grammatically correct sentence thus formed is, “The document lays down a clear strategy to augment the growth of key sectors by shifting gears as the current economic conditions are smooth in terms of macroeconomic stability to expand growth.”
S13. Ans. (c)
Sol. Here, instead of ‘resulting’ it will be ‘resulted’ because we use third form of verb with ‘has’ or ‘have’.
S14. Ans. (d)
Sol. Here, option (d) ‘potential’ should fill the blank given in (D) to make it contextually correct and meaningful.
S15. Ans. (d)
Sol. Here, option (d), ‘utilization’ should come at the place marked as (E) in the given passage to make it grammatically and contextually correct. It also fits in the blanks given in the two statements.
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