Directions (1-5): In the following passage, certain parts of the paragraph are highlighted which suggest that the given expression may be grammatically incorrect. Choose the most appropriate expression among the four options given against each number which makes the sentence grammatically correct and contextually meaningful. If the given expression does not require any correction, choose option (e) i.e., “No correction required” as your answer.
Q1. (1) For roads, bridges, and houses, there was another set of ‘assets’ that the Kerala floods swept away: toys in the State’s anganwadis. But toys, however, are not part of the materials being distributed in official rehabilitation efforts. So, a group of officers from-at Mumbai’s Mazagon Dock, a public-sector shipyard, (2) had collected toys for the flood-hit anganwadis.
Thanks to their goodwill, at least 100 anganwadis in Alappuzha and Pathanamthitta districts, which had lost their play equipment to the floods, (3) was set to receive fresh sets of toys and games. “We are trying (4) For putting the smile back on the faces of at least a few children,” said Ramesh Babu, a former Navy Captain who is a general manager at the shipyard.
(5) As soon as the floodwaters receded, Mr. Babu, a native of Thiruvalla, along with a team of seven executives, began the cleaning of public premises, schools, anganwadis and public health centres with the support of the National Service Scheme volunteers from Mar Thoma College and cadets of the 15 Kerala NCC Battalion.
(a) To roads, bridges, and houses
(b) With roads, bridges, and houses
(c) Before roads, bridges, and houses
(d) Along with roads, bridges, and houses
(e) No correction required
Q2. (1) For roads, bridges, and houses, there was another set of ‘assets’ that the Kerala floods swept away: toys in the State’s anganwadis. But toys, however, are not part of the materials being distributed in official rehabilitation efforts. So, a group of officers from-at Mumbai’s Mazagon Dock, a public-sector shipyard, (2) had collected toys for the flood-hit anganwadis.
Thanks to their goodwill, at least 100 anganwadis in Alappuzha and Pathanamthitta districts, which had lost their play equipment to the floods, (3) was set to receive fresh sets of toys and games. “We are trying (4) For putting the smile back on the faces of at least a few children,” said Ramesh Babu, a former Navy Captain who is a general manager at the shipyard.
(5) As soon as the floodwaters receded, Mr. Babu, a native of Thiruvalla, along with a team of seven executives, began the cleaning of public premises, schools, anganwadis and public health centres with the support of the National Service Scheme volunteers from Mar Thoma College and cadets of the 15 Kerala NCC Battalion.
(a) has been collecting toys for the flood-hit anganwadis
(b) will collect toys for the flood-hit anganwadis
(c) has been collecting toys on the flood-hit anganwadis
(d) will be collecting toys on the flood-hit anganwadis
(e) No correction required
Q3. (1) For roads, bridges, and houses, there was another set of ‘assets’ that the Kerala floods swept away: toys in the State’s anganwadis. But toys, however, are not part of the materials being distributed in official rehabilitation efforts. So, a group of officers from-at Mumbai’s Mazagon Dock, a public-sector shipyard, (2) had collected toys for the flood-hit anganwadis.
Thanks to their goodwill, at least 100 anganwadis in Alappuzha and Pathanamthitta districts, which had lost their play equipment to the floods, (3) was set to receive fresh sets of toys and games. “We are trying (4) For putting the smile back on the faces of at least a few children,” said Ramesh Babu, a former Navy Captain who is a general manager at the shipyard.
(5) As soon as the floodwaters receded, Mr. Babu, a native of Thiruvalla, along with a team of seven executives, began the cleaning of public premises, schools, anganwadis and public health centres with the support of the National Service Scheme volunteers from Mar Thoma College and cadets of the 15 Kerala NCC Battalion.
(a) is set to receiving fresh sets of toys and games
(b) are set to receive fresh sets of toys and games
(c) are set on receiving fresh sets of toys and games
(d) are set to receiving fresh sets of toys and fames
(e) No correction required
Q4. (1) For roads, bridges, and houses, there was another set of ‘assets’ that the Kerala floods swept away: toys in the State’s anganwadis. But toys, however, are not part of the materials being distributed in official rehabilitation efforts. So, a group of officers from-at Mumbai’s Mazagon Dock, a public-sector shipyard, (2) had collected toys for the flood-hit anganwadis.
Thanks to their goodwill, at least 100 anganwadis in Alappuzha and Pathanamthitta districts, which had lost their play equipment to the floods, (3) was set to receive fresh sets of toys and games. “We are trying (4) For putting the smile back on the faces of at least a few children,” said Ramesh Babu, a former Navy Captain who is a general manager at the shipyard.
(5) As soon as the floodwaters receded, Mr. Babu, a native of Thiruvalla, along with a team of seven executives, began the cleaning of public premises, schools, anganwadis and public health centres with the support of the National Service Scheme volunteers from Mar Thoma College and cadets of the 15 Kerala NCC Battalion.
(a) on putting the smile back on the faces
(b) to putting the smile back on the faces
(c) to put the smile back on the faces
(d) to putting the smile back across the faces
(e) No correction required
Q5. (1) For roads, bridges, and houses, there was another set of ‘assets’ that the Kerala floods swept away: toys in the State’s anganwadis. But toys, however, are not part of the materials being distributed in official rehabilitation efforts. So, a group of officers from-at Mumbai’s Mazagon Dock, a public-sector shipyard, (2) had collected toys for the flood-hit anganwadis.
Thanks to their goodwill, at least 100 anganwadis in Alappuzha and Pathanamthitta districts, which had lost their play equipment to the floods, (3) was set to receive fresh sets of toys and games. “We are trying (4) For putting the smile back on the faces of at least a few children,” said Ramesh Babu, a former Navy Captain who is a general manager at the shipyard.
(5) As soon as the floodwaters receded, Mr. Babu, a native of Thiruvalla, along with a team of seven executives, began the cleaning of public premises, schools, anganwadis and public health centres with the support of the National Service Scheme volunteers from Mar Thoma College and cadets of the 15 Kerala NCC Battalion.
(a) As soon as the floodwaters recedes, Mr. Babu, a native of Thiruvalla, along with a team of seven executives
(b) With the floodwater recedes, Mr. Babu, a native of Thiruvalla, with a team of seven executives
(c) On the receding of the floodwaters, Mr. Babu, a native of Thiruvalla, for a team of seven executives
(d) For the receding of the floodwaters, Mr. Babu, a native of Thiruvalla, on a team of seven executives
(e) No correction required
Directions (6-6): There are sets of four statements in question given below which when connected using the correct sentence structure forms a single sentence without altering the meaning of the sentences given in the question. There are four options given below the question, choose the sentence that forms the correct formation of a single sentence which is both grammatically correct and contextually meaningful. If none follows, choose (e) as your answer.
Q6. Arguably, a conversation with persons; permeate divided societies; might well be strangers in traditional environments contributes a great deal; the ironing out of senseless tensions.
(a) Arguably, a conversation with persons who permeate divided societies might well be strangers in traditional environments contributes a great deal into the ironing out of senseless tensions.
(b) Arguably, a conversation with persons who might well be strangers in traditional environments contribute a great deal to the ironing out of senseless tensions that permeate divided societies.
(c) Arguably, a conversation with persons that permeate divided societies and might well be strangers in traditional environments contributes a great deal by the ironing out of senseless tensions.
(d) Arguably, a conversation with persons who might well be strangers in traditional environments contributes a great deal to the ironing out of senseless tensions that permeate divided societies.
(e) None of the above is correct.
Directions (7-7): The following question consists of a sentence which is divided into three parts which contain grammatical errors in one or more than one part of the sentence. If there is an error in any part of the sentence, find the correct alternatives to replace those parts from the three options given below each question to make the sentence grammatically correct. If there is an error in any part of the sentence and none of the alternatives is correct to replace that part, then choose (d) i.e. None of the (I), (II) and (III) as your answer. If the given sentence is grammatically correct or does not require any correction, choose (e) i.e. No correction required as your answer.
Q7. One of the most significant governance reform (I)/ undertaken by the government in recent years (II)/ had been the Direct Benefits Transfer (DBT) initiative. (III)
(I) One of the most significant governance reforms
(II) undertaken by the government in recent years
(III) has been the Direct Benefits Transfer (DBT) initiative
(a) only (I)
(b) only (II)
(c) only (III)
(d) Both (I) and (III)
(e) no error
Directions (8-8): In the following question a part of the sentence is given in bold, it is then followed by three sentences which try to explain the meaning of the phrase given in bold. Choose the best set of alternatives from the five options given below each question which explains the meaning of the phrase correctly without altering the meaning of the given sentence.
Q8. He hit the nail on the head when he said that most people won’t change their ways and continue to blame the system for all their ills.
(I) His opinion that most people won’t change their ways and continue to blame the system for all their ills was agreed by everyone.
(II) He was very accurate when he said that majority of the people do not tend to change their ways and never fail to blame the system for all their difficulties.
(III) He was pretty much right when he uttered that almost all people fail to change their ways and persevere to blame the system for all of their troubles.
(a)Only (III) is correct
(b)Only (II) is correct
(c)Both (II) and (III) are correct
(d)Both (I) and (II) are correct
(e)All are correct
Directions (9-9): In question given below there are two statements, each statement consists of two blanks. You have to choose the option which provides the correct set of words that fits both the blanks in both the statements appropriately and in the same order making them meaningful and grammatically correct.
Q9. (1) Confidence was increasing that men, through __________ and effective action, could __________ their existence and even prolong their lives.
(2) Others, perhaps with greater __________, wanted the struggle to continue in order to __________ the conditions of the peasants in the countryside.
(a) prodigal, fortify
(b) discrimination, vitiate
(c) improvidence, remediate
(d) foresight, ameliorate
(e) shortsightedness, blemish
Directions (10-10): In each of the given questions an inference is given in bold which is then followed by three paragraphs. You must find the paragraph(s) from where it is inferred. Choose the option with the best possible outcome as your choice.
Q10. Electric vehicles can reduce urban pollution significantly.
[I] Addressing vehicular emissions is within our grasp but requires a multi-pronged approach. It needs to combine the already-proposed tighter emission norms (in form of BS VI), with a push for shared mobility and public transport and adoption of alternate mobility technologies. While shared mobility can moderate the demand for individual vehicle ownership and usage, technology solutions today can allow for a sharp reduction in emissions per vehicle. Government policy will impact adoption that will affect both the extent and the future growth of urban pollution.
[II] The policy roadmap should encompass three key elements based on global learnings. First, incentives for adoption of alternate mobility technologies. Second, restrictions on elements that contribute negatively to strategic objectives (such as congestion charges on polluting technologies), and last provision of enabling infrastructure.
[III] There is a need to impose restrictions through supply-side regulations on OEMs to increase production of zero emission vehicles to curb urban pollution. Most Western countries adopt enforceable norms that ensure supply of electric vehicles. China has mandated OEMs to produce 10 per cent electric vehicles of their total production. There will, of course, be the need to think about improving the provision of non-polluting public transport. These include electric buses, metros, and shared EV fleets to reduce traffic and usage.
(a) only (II)
(b) only (III)
(c) both (I) and (III)
(d) all (I), (II) and (III)
(e) none of these
Directions (11-15): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below them.
Paragraph 1: In the run-up to the 2019 Lok Sabha elections, the protectionist din is growing louder in India. This is not unexpected, since, despite liberalization, we have not fully embraced an open-market identity. And despite our growing aspirations of becoming a stakeholder at the global economic high table, most political parties still seem to lack a cogent economic vision. Consequently, those in the protectionist camp have strengthened their attack on foreign companies, particularly on digital economy firms. Such companies are the softest targets, because they tend to lack the institutional experience, and sometimes even the will, to take political positions in emerging markets. However, in the spirit of debate, some rebuttals are in order. Let us analyse the protectionist proposals first: the government should create different compliance burdens for foreign and Indian firms. This stems from the assumption that owing to superior technology and abundant capital, foreign-owned firms can easily outmanoeuvre domestic incumbents, if they compete on a level playing field. Therefore, like China, we should put strict conditions on foreign direct investment (FDI).
Paragraph 2: Moreover, India must account for a larger share of global value chains (GVCs), currently estimated to be only 2% of the total, before we can start selectively evoking the China model. We must harness inward investments to strategically generate this value. Many companies in the information technology (IT) and IT-enabled services space are now struggling to achieve this objective through outmoded cost-arbitrage-based business models. Ironically, some of them, unable to keep pace with innovation, are now asking for protection. This demand may be at the cost of the same market logic that created them—the ability to competitively serve global markets, with minimum government intervention. The proposition of the protectionist camp is that India should adopt a preferential approach towards strategic government procurements in the digital industries. Proponents of this approach are quick to cite examples such as the US government’s Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (Darpa), which played a role in the invention of the modern internet.
Paragraph 3: In an effort to promote self-reliance, India has been trying to create preferential private sector partnerships in the defence industry for over a decade. Most recently, strategic partnerships were defined and envisioned under the defence procurement policy, 2016. However, this potentially meaningful modality of deep public-private partnerships has been throttled by reticence on part of the unions representing public sector enterprises, as well as an all-pervasive lack of trust in the private sector. The solutions cannot possibly lie outside, or in the politics of protectionism.
Paragraph 4: Lastly, the newest avatar of protectionism is manifesting itself in the so-called “data economy”, the data-driven subset of the digital economy. A legitimate hypothesis is that as India transitions from data-poor to data-rich, owing to factors such as increased internet penetration and the Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile (JAM) trinity, the data-linked rights of citizens must be secured better. However, the protectionist camp goes on to offer a tenuous extension of this hypothesis: India should mandate localization of all data owned by foreign companies, again inspired by China. There are several technical arguments in favour of cross-border data flows, but let us forget those. The central issue is that, analogous to the case for enhancing contribution to GVCs for goods and services, India will have to service global data flows if it is to become a hub for data-driven industries.
Paragraph 5: Despite large volumes, the potential for earning large value from the domestic data market remains limited. Low average revenues per user in telecom and low transaction values in digital payments are indicative of this “high-volume and low-value” paradigm. The need for data services to achieve scale is almost a prerequisite to their survival. Unlike China, we do not have a large enough economic footprint to deter advanced countries from taking reciprocal measures against our “tactical protectionism”. And unlike in the US, our institutions and businesses do not generate enough surpluses to invest in cutting-edge research. Our markets are shallow, and our technological self-reliance has to be earned through internal reform. So, if we are to be protectionist, we must at least adopt a strategic lens—investments cannot be turned away for meeting political ends.
Q11. Deduce the most common protectionist proposition from the passage.
(I) Government should concoct reforms in order to develop the competitive environment hence letting the economy grow.
(II) India should adopt the government’s acquirements in the digital industries.
(III) The government should provide superior technology and abundant capital to Indian firms.
(IV) Government should provide assistance to risky firms enabling them to build a stronger position in global market.
(a) Only (I)
(b) Only (II)
(c) Only (I), (III) and (IV)
(d) Only (I), (II) and (III)
(e) All are correct
Q12. In context of paragraph 2, what is/ are the reason (s) behind India being low on global value chain?
(a) The government’s regulations and restrictions in the economy have not been liberalized.
(b) The profit rate of many companies of India is low.
(c) The innovation rate of India is low.
(d) Both (b) and (c)
(e) All are correct
Q13. According to the passage, the challenge (s) within government is/ are:
(I) Negligence in implementation of the reforms concocted to bring transformations in the economy.
(II) The lack of bilateral relations within the government of other countries.
(III) The lack of trust on private enterprises for creating public private partnership.
(a) Only (II)
(b) Only (II) and (III)
(c) Only (I)
(d) Only (I) and (III)
(e) All are correct.
Q14. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 4?
(a) Protectionists are giving emphasis on public private partnership to serve global markets.
(b) Protectionists proposed that localization of all data should be sanctioned by India.
(c) Investments should not be ignored to protect our domestic enterprises.
(d) It is difficult to outwit foreign companies as they have superior technology and abundant capital.
(e) None of these
Q15. What does the author mean by “high-volume and low-value” as mentioned in paragraph 5?
(a) The need of data services is immense but the capital required is limited.
(b) The range of data flow is wide but it is incompetent to generate large revenue.
(c) The Domestic data market and foreign data market varies in terms of generation of revenues.
(d) The flow of data services is limited providing less revenue.
(e) None of these.
Solutions
S1. Ans. (d)
Sol. The use of the preposition ‘for’ is incorrect in the context of the sentence. The correct preposition to be used is ‘along with’.
Hence, the correct answer is option (d).
S2. Ans. (a)
Sol. The tense of the preceding sentence suggests that the tense of the sentence containing (2) would be present, present perfect continuous. Among the options, option (a) correctly satisfies the grammatical and contextual requirement of the sentence and would be the correct answer.
S3. Ans. (b)
Sol. The tense of the preceding sentence in the preceding paragraph suggests that the tense of the sentence would be present tense. The subject of the subject ‘at least 100 anganwadis in Alappuzha and Pathanamthitta districts’ is plural. Among the options, option (b) correctly satisfies the grammatical and contextual requirement of the sentence. Hence, the correct answer is option (b).
S4. Ans. (c)
Sol. The phrase ‘for putting the smile back on the faces of at least a few children’ is adding information to the verb ‘trying’. The use of the prepositional phrase ‘for putting’ is wrong. To-infinitive would be used in place of the prepositional phrase. Among the options, options (a), (b) and (d) are prepositional-phrase and hence, incorrect. But option (c) would make a grammatically correct and contextually meaningful sentence. Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.
S5. Ans. (e)
Sol. The given sentence is grammatically and contextually correct. The correct sentence is option (e).
S6. Ans (d)
Sol. Among the given options, sentence (b) is grammatically incorrect as “contributes” should be used in place of “contribute”. Sentences (a) and (c) are contextually different and structurally incorrect. They are not inferring the same meaning as per the demand of the question. Hence only option (d) forms the correct sentence which follows the sentences given in the question both grammatically and contextually
S7. Ans. (d)
Sol. The first and the third part of the sentence contain errors. To make the first part grammatically correct, replace ‘reform’ with ‘reforms’. It is to be noted that the general rule for the phrase ‘one of the’ is “One of the + PLURAL NOUN + that/who etc. + SINGULAR/PLURAL VERB”. Moreover, in the third part of the sentence, “had been” should be replaced with “has been” since, “Had been” means something began in the past, lasted for some time, then ended. This is entirely in the past while, both “Has been” and “Have been” mean something began in the past and has lasted into the present time. Drawing a hint from the phrase “the government in recent years”, it can be understood that a reform undertaken by the government has been beneficial for (DBT) from past few years and still continues to be beneficial. However, part (II) of the sentence is from all grammatical errors. Hence, option (d) becomes the most suitable answer choice.
S8. Ans.(c)
Sol. The phrase “hit the nail on the head” means to be accurately right about something or find the exact answer. Among the given statements, both sentences (II) and (III) express the meaning which complies with the meaning of the phrase and at the same time they make sure that the actual meaning of the sentence remains intact. Statement (I) is irrelevant as it alters the meaning of the sentence. Hence (c) is the correct option.
S9. Ans. (d)
Sol. ‘foresight, ameliorate’ is the pair of words that fits in the two sentences to make both the sentences grammatically and contextually complete. Hence, option (d) is the most appropriate choice.
Foresight means the ability to predict what will happen or be needed in the future.
Ameliorate means make (something bad or unsatisfactory) better.
Prodigal means spending money or using resources freely and recklessly; wastefully extravagant
Vitiate means spoil or impair the quality or efficiency of.
Improvidence means the quality or state of not foreseeing and providing for the future
Remediate means to settle (disputes, strikes, etc.) as an intermediary between parties; reconcile.
Blemish means a small mark or flaw which spoils the appearance of something.
S10. Ans. (b)
Sol. Read the paragraphs carefully. Among the given paragraphs, only the (III) paragraph concludes the given inference. It is describing about the production of more electric vehicles for private as well as for public transport, to reduce the increasing pollution. However, paragraph (I) has given emphasis on the adoption of alternate mobility technologies. It has also suggested that shared mobility would further help to reduce pollution. While paragraph (II) is suggesting ways that would help in reducing pollution such as presenting incentives, banning polluting technologies and improving infrastructure. It is to be noted that in paragraph (I) and (II) the alternate technology to reduce pollution has not been mentioned whereas, in paragraph (III) the alternate technology of electric vehicles is mentioned. Thus, option (b) becomes the most viable answer choice.
S11. Ans. (b)
Sol. Here if we go through the passage, we come to the conclusion that the proposals of protectionist to strengthen the economy have been discussed in the paragraph.
Sentence (II) has been discussed in paragraph 1.
Hence option (b) is the correct choice.
“The proposition of the protectionist camp is that India should adopt a preferential approach towards strategic government procurements in the digital industries.”
Statement (III) is incorrect as there is no such proposal as it was on this ground they want Foreign firms to get lesser advantage
S12. Ans. (c)
Sol. We can conclude from paragraph 2 that low innovation rate of India is the reason behind India’s low share of global value chains.
Global Value Chain refers to the production of a good or service and its global level supply, distribution and post sales activities.
Refer the lines “Many companies in the information technology (IT) and IT-enabled services space are now struggling to achieve this objective through outmoded cost-arbitrage-based business models. Ironically, some of them, unable to keep pace with innovation, are now asking for protection.”
Sentence (a) and (b) are irrelevant in context of the passage.
Hence option (c) is the correct answer choice.
S13. Ans. (d)
Sol. Refer the third paragraph in which it has mentioned the factors which India is facing in order to bring public- private partnership to transform the current condition of India. As public sector lacks trust on private enterprises and are negligent to adopt this reform, public private partnership is found difficult to implement.
Hence option (d) is the most appropriate choice.
Refer the lines “However, this potentially meaningful modality of deep public-private partnerships has been throttled by reticence on part of the unions representing public sector enterprises, as well as an all-pervasive lack of trust in the private sector.”
S14. Ans. (b)
Sol. It has been mentioned in paragraph 4 that according to protectionists India should mandate localization of all data owned by foreign companies, which proves fidelity of option (b).
All the other sentences cannot be inferred from paragraph 4.
Refer the lines from paragraph 4 “However, the protectionist camp goes on to offer a tenuous extension of this hypothesis: India should mandate localization of all data owned by foreign companies, again inspired by China.”
S15. Ans. (b)
Sol. “high-volume and low-value” mentioned in paragraph 5 in which ‘high volume’ refers to the global flow of data services and ‘low- value’ refers to the limited earnings from domestic data market. Hence, we can infer that option (b) is the most appropriate choice.
Refer the lines “Despite large volumes, the potential for earning large value from the domestic data market remains limited. Low average revenues per user in telecom and low transaction values in digital payments are indicative of this “high-volume and low-value” paradigm.”
Click Here to Register for Bank Exams 2021 Preparation Material
English Language Quiz For Bank Foundatio...
English Language Quiz For SBI Clerk Prel...
English Language Quiz For SBI Clerk Prel...
