Directions (1-1): The following question consists of a sentence which is divided into three parts which contain grammatical errors in one or more than one part of the sentence. If there is an error in any part of the sentence, find the correct alternatives to replace those parts from the three options given below each question to make the sentence grammatically correct. If there is an error in any part of the sentence and none of the alternatives is correct to replace that part, then choose (d) i.e. None of the (I), (II) and (III) as your answer. If the given sentence is grammatically correct or does not require any correction, choose (e) i.e. No correction required as your answer.
Q1. The scenario had reached a dire critical stage, (I)/ and there has been no indication over the past few days that the phone call (II)/ from Beijing had been able to “unlock” and “unload” America’s option. (III)
(I)The scenario has reached a direly critical stage
(II)and there has been no indication in last few days as the phone call
(III)from Beijing has been able to “unlock” and “unload” America’s options
(a)Only (I)
(b)Both (II) and (III)
(c)Both (I) and (III)
(d)None of the (I), (II) and (III)
(e)No correction required
Directions (2-2): In the following question a part of the sentence is given in bold, it is then followed by three sentences which try to explain the meaning of the phrase given in bold. Choose the best set of alternatives from the five options given below each question which explains the meaning of the phrase correctly without altering the meaning of the sentence given as question.
Q2. War hysteria is part of Chinese psychological warfare aimed at application of pressure through internal sources, including a dip in the stock market and opposition political parties compelling the government to withdraw unilaterally.
(I)China has always been good at psychological warfare which is aimed at application of pressure through internal sources, including a dip in the stock market and opposition political parties compelling the government to withdraw unilaterally.
(II)Attacking its counterpart emotionally and intellectually forms the part of Chinese psychological warfare which is aimed at application of pressure through internal sources, including a saturated stock market and opposition political parties convincing the government to withdraw unilaterally.
(III)Chinese psychological warfare is a product of forceful and gripping war techniques aimed at exertion of pressure through internal sources, including a plunged stock market and opposition political parties compelling the government to withdraw individually.
(a)Only (II) is correct
(b)Only (III) is correct
(c)Both (II) and (III) are correct
(d)Both (I) and (II) are correct
(e)All are correct
Directions (3-3): in the question given below an inference is given in bold which is then followed by three paragraphs. You have to find the paragraph(s) from where it is inferred. Choose the option with the best possible outcome as your choice.
Q3. The Vedic priest was like a recorded audio cassette.
(1) Massive grey matter density and cortical thickness increases in the brains of the Vedic priests which is very fascinating. We noted that while the ability of Vedic Pundits to perform large-scale, precise oral memorization and recitation of Vedic Sanskrit texts may, prima facie, appear extraordinary or bordering on impossible, textual memorization and recitation are in standard practice in traditional Sanskrit education in India.
(2) Traditional Vedic scholarship should not be confused with a priestly type of vocation or biblical scholarship. Different from Christian Priests who interpret and expostulate on the message of the Bible, their job is to keep the supposedly eternal and unchanging Veda alive, without changing a syllable.
(3) According to McNeill, a Brahmin priest was expected to be able to recite at least one of the Vedas. The practice was essential for several centuries when the Vedas had not yet been written down. It must have had a selective effect, since priests would have been recruited from those able or willing to memorize long passages. It must have helped in the dissemination of the work, since a memorized passage can be duplicated many times.
(a) Only (1)
(b) Both (2) and (3)
(c) Only (3)
(d) Both (1) and (3)
(e) All are correct
Directions (4-4): There are sets of four statements in question given below which when connected using the correct sentence structure forms a complete single sentence without altering the meaning of the sentences given in the question. There are four options given below the question, choose the sentence that forms the correct formation of single sentence which is both grammatically correct and contextually meaningful. If none follows, choose (e) as your answer.
Q4. This is not to be confused in any way with a new fangled variant of the recently cremated five year Plan; The plan which had quite simply failed to deliver; it is crucial to dwell on its prospects for realization through existing structures, institutions, systems and processes; it should be without going through the mandatory exercise of effecting concomitant, far reaching changes.
(a)It is crucial to dwell on its prospects for realization through existing structures, institutions, systems and processes as the five year Plan had quite simply failed to deliver and this is not to be confused in any way with a new fangled variant of the recently cremated five year plan which should be without going through the mandatory exercise of effecting concomitant, far reaching changes.
(b)Although this is not to be confused in any way with a new fangled variant of the recently cremated five year plan, it is crucial to dwell on its prospects for realization through existing structures, institutions, systems and processes that had quite simply failed to deliver without going through the mandatory exercise of effecting concomitant, far reaching changes.
(c)Since this is not to be confused in any way with a new fangled variant of the recently cremated five year Plan which had quite simply failed to deliver, it is crucial to dwell on its prospects for realization through existing structures, institutions, systems and processes, without going through the mandatory exercise of effecting concomitant, far reaching changes.
(d)As it is crucial to dwell on its prospects for realization through existing structures, institutions, systems and processes, this is not to be confused in any way with a new fangled variant of the recently cremated five year Plan that has quite simply failed to deliver without going through the mandatory exercise of effecting concomitant, far reaching changes.
(e)None of the above is correct.
Directions (5-5): The following question consists of a sentence which is divided into three parts which contain grammatical errors in one or more than one part of the sentence. If there is an error in any part of the sentence, find the correct alternatives to replace those parts from the three options given below each question to make the sentence grammatically correct. If there is an error in any part of the sentence and none of the alternatives is correct to replace that part, then choose (d) i.e. None of the (I), (II) and (III) as your answer. If the given sentence is grammatically correct or does not require any correction, choose (e) i.e. No correction required as your answer.
Q5. An overwhelming majority of cases in the US is settled or resolved (I)/ before the trial commences because Courts come down very heavily on litigants who indulge in perjury, (II)/ and penalize lawyers who suborn perjury or encourage their clients to indulge in unethical acts. (III)
(I)An overwhelming majority of cases in the US are settled or resolved
(II)before the trial commences because Courts come over heavily on litigants who indulge in perjury
(III)and penalizes lawyers who suborn perjury or encourages their clients to indulge in unethical acts
(a)Only (I)
(b)Only (II)
(c)Both (I) and (III)
(d)None of the (I), (II) and (III)
(e)No correction required
Directions (6-6): In question given below there are two statements, each statement consists of two blanks. You have to choose the option which provides the correct set of words that fits both the blanks in both the statements appropriately and in the same order making them meaningful and grammatically correct.
Q6. (1) For instance, ritual ___________________ by Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe at the Yasukuni Shrine for the war dead invariably invite _______________ from both China and South Korea—the two countries see the shrine as a symbol of Japan’s past militarism.
(2) It’s tithes and _________________ that remove the curse. Tithing is what ____________________ the devourer and opens the windows of heaven.
(a) offerings, rebukes
(b) sacrifice, chides
(c) benefactions, repudiates
(d) obligations, berates
(e)oblations, homage
Directions (7-7): In this question a small paragraph is given followed by three possible inferences which may or may not be correct. The question is then followed by five options. You have to choose the option which gives the best possible outcome.
Q7. Animals in general are shrewd in proportion as they cultivate society. Elephants and beavers show the greatest signs of this sagacity when they are together in large numbers, but when man invades their communities they lose all their spirit of industry. Among insects, the labours of the bee and the ant have attracted the attention and admiration of naturalists, but all their sagacity seems to be lost upon separation and a single bee or ant seems destitute of every degree of industry. It becomes the most stupid insect imaginable, and it languishes and soon dies.
(I)Elephants and beavers are smarter than bees and ants in the presence of human beings.
(II)Humankind is responsible for the destruction of the natural habitat of animals and insects.
(III)Animals, in general, are unable to function effectively outside their normal social environment.
(a)Only (I) is correct
(b)Only (II) is correct
(c)Only (III) is correct
(d)Both (I) and (III) are correct
(e)All are correct
Directions (8-8): In the given question an inference is given in bold which is then followed by three paragraphs. You have to find the paragraph(s) from where it is inferred. Choose the option with the best possible outcome as your choice.
Q8. Conservation should not be considered a drag on development.
(1)The tiger population in countries where the big cat occurs had a chequered existence. Although assiduously conserved, tiger populations in some of the range countries are awfully precarious; their numbers lie around the presumed ecological thresholds as far as their viability is concerned. The world has already lost three of the nine subspecies of this charismatic species, further restricting its world population genetically to only six subspecies or geographical variations.
(2)Tiger conservation basically demands stringent protection laws, vast landscapes and a good prey base. While these demands may sound innocuous, they conflict with the country’s land-use planning for development, and as a result, conservation is sidelined in favor of more human-centered priorities.
(3)India lost 69 tigers in 2015 and 52 in 2016. While poaching did not claim all these tigers, it does remain a serious threat to the tiger population. Among the tiger conservation practices, protection and intelligence gathering should be accorded priority and made more professional.
(a)Only (2)
(b)Only (3)
(c)Both (1) and (2)
(d)Both (2) and (3)
(e)All (1), (2) and (3)
Directions (9-9): There are sets of four statements in question given below which when connected using the correct sentence structure forms a complete single sentence without altering the meaning of the sentences given in the question. There are four options given below the question, choose the sentence that forms the correct formation of single sentence which is both grammatically correct and contextually meaningful. If none follows, choose (e) as your answer.
Q9. It will not be easy to attempt score cards on the same time-scale for corruption-free India and terrorism-free India; it will not be even for poverty-free India, communalism-free India, casteism-free India and clean-India; there is a need of nuanced and detailed drill-down to get to their deliverables; it should be in plain, no-nonsense and, most importantly, measurable terms.
(a)It will not be easy to attempt score cards on the same time-scale for corruption-free India and terrorism-free India and not even for poverty-free India, communalism-free India, casteism-free India and clean India if there is a need of nuanced and detailed drill-down to get to their deliverables which should be in plain, sensible and most important measurable terms.
(b)To attempt score cards on the same time-scale for corruption-free India, terrorism-free India, poverty-free India, communalism-free India, casteism-free India, clean-India will not be easy unless there is a nuanced and detailed drill-down to get to their deliverables in plain, no-nonsense and, most importantly, measurable terms.
(c)There is a need of nuanced and detailed drill-down to get to their deliverables to attempt score cards on the same time-scale for corruption-free India and terrorism-free India and even for poverty-free India, communalism-free India, casteism-free India and clean-India which should be in plain, no-nonsense and more importantly, measurable terms.
(d)Since there is a need of nuanced and detailed drill-down to get to their deliverables, it will not be easy to attempt score cards on the same time-scale for corruption-free India, terrorism-free India, poverty-free India, communalism-free India, casteism-free India and clean-India that should be in plain, no-nonsense and measurable terms.
(e)None of the above is correct.
Directions (10-10): The following question consists of a sentence which is divided into three parts which contain grammatical errors in one or more than one part of the sentence. If there is an error in any part of the sentence, find the correct alternatives to replace those parts from the three options given below each question to make the sentence grammatically correct. If there is an error in any part of the sentence and none of the alternatives is correct to replace that part, then choose (d) i.e. None of the (I), (II) and (III) as your answer. If the given sentence is grammatically correct or does not require any correction, choose (e) i.e. No correction required as your answer.
Q10. A striking feature of the latest election must be dozens of African National Council (ANC) (I)/ ministers had rebelled against his misrule that was serving to erode (II)/the credibility of South Africa with the perspective of comity of nations. (III)
(I) A striking feature of the latest election must be that dozens of African National Council (ANC)
(II) ministers had rebelled against his misrule that has served to erode
(III) the credibility of South Africa in the perspective of the comity of nations
(a)Only (II)
(b)Both (I) and (III)
(c)All (I), (II) and (III)
(d)None of the (I), (II) and (III)
(e)No correction required
Directions (11-11): In each of the given questions an inference is given in bold which is then followed by three statements. You have to find the statement(s) from where it is inferred. Choose the option with the best possible outcome as your choice.
Q11. Equity in access to doctors, diagnostics and medicines for rural India must be a priority
(1) It is imperative for the government to recognise the limitations of a market-led mechanism in providing for a pure public good such as health. We need to move to a single- payer system with cost controls that make efficient strategic purchase of health care from private and public facilities possible. This will require sustained investment and monitoring, and ensuring that the prescribed standard of access to a health facility with the requisite medical and nursing resources within a 3-km radius is achieved on priority.
(2) Templates for an upgraded rural health system have long been finalised and the Indian Public Health Standards were issued in 2007 and 2012, covering facilities from health sub-centres upwards. The Centre has set ambitious health goals for 2020 and is in the process of deciding the financial outlay for various targets under the National Health Mission.
(3) Medical infrastructure in several surrounding districts and even neighbouring States is so weak that a large number of very sick patients are sent to such apex hospitals as a last resort. The dysfunctional aspects of the system are evident from the Comptroller and Auditor General’s report. Even if the audit objections on financial administration were to be ignored, the picture that emerges in several States is one of inability to absorb the funds allocated, lack of essential medicines and unfilled doctor vacancies.
(a) Only (1)
(b) Both (2) and (3)
(c) Only (3)
(d) Both (1) and (3)
(e) All are correct
Directions (12-12): In question given below there are two statements, each statement consists of two blanks. You have to choose the option which provides the correct set of words that fits both the blanks in both the statements appropriately and in the same order making them meaningful and grammatically correct.
Q12.(1) The Nabha jailbreak plot could have been hatched in a similar manner where a/an ______________ was given the responsibility of carrying out the jailbreak after observing the prison staff and holding _______________with gangsters.
(2) Initially, it was rumoured she had a makeshift kitchen in the prison and been provided with a/an ____________ as a cook; it was said she had a special visitors’ room with enough chairs for political _________________.
(a) impatient, commiserations
(b) inmate, confabulations
(c) prisoner, convention
(d) convalescent, meetings
(e) convict, dissonance
Directions (13-13): In this question a small paragraph is given followed by three possible inferences which may or may not be correct. The question is then followed by five options. You have to choose the option which gives the best possible outcome.
Q13. Aspiration is nothing new. Neither is the debate over what the Indian middle class is, what it wants and what it buys. Since the mid-80s, that has been the focus of the economic policy papers, so called pro and anti-poor budgets and marketing strategies that have successfully broken the barrier to urban selling and reached deeper into rural India with increasing income levels and aspirations.
(I)The Indian middle class has been the focus of economic policies for a long time.
(II)There is a gradual shift in aspirations of Indian middle class especially after the favorable economic policies since the mid-80s.
(III)The Indian middle class has graduated from being the ‘deprived’ middle class to the ‘pampered’ middle class.
(a)Only (I) is correct
(b)Only (II) is correct
(c)Only (III) is correct
(d)Both (I) and (II) are correct
(e)All are correct
Directions (14-14): There are sets of four statements in question given below which when connected using the correct sentence structure forms a complete single sentence without altering the meaning of the sentences given in the question. There are four options given below the question, choose the sentence that forms the correct formation of single sentence which is both grammatically correct and contextually meaningful. If none follows, choose (e) as your answer.
Q14. “striving in spirit and soul to accomplish the pledge for building a New India” should be translated into comprehensible administrative terminology; it should be taken in hand right away; it should be put out in the public domain for very wide consultation; it should mean anything of strong substance to we, the so fondly recalled on almost every occasion, 125 crores.
(a)By translating “striving in spirit and soul to accomplish the pledge for building a New India” into comprehensible administrative terminology, it should be taken in hand right away to put out in the public domain for very wide consultation that mean anything of strong substance to we, the so fondly recalled on almost every occasion, 125 crores.
(b)To translate “striving in spirit and soul to accomplish the pledge for building a New India” into comprehensible administrative terminology, it should be put out in the public domain for very wide consultation so that it can be in hand right away that should mean anything of strong substance to us, the so fondly recalled on almost every occasion, 125 crores.
(c)Though “striving in spirit and soul to accomplish the pledge for building a New India” should be translated into comprehensive administrative terminology, it should be taken in hand right away and put out in the public domain in very wide consultation meaning anything of strong substance to we, the so fondly recalled on almost every occasion, 125 crores.
(d)The translation of “striving in spirit and soul to accomplish the pledge for building a New India” into comprehensible administrative terminology should be taken in hand right away and put out in the public domain for very wide consultation for it to mean anything of strong substance to we, the so fondly recalled on almost every occasion, 125 crores.
(e)None of the above is correct.
Directions (15-15): The following question consists of a sentence which is divided into three parts which contain grammatical errors in one or more than one part of the sentence. If there is an error in any part of the sentence, find the correct alternatives to replace those parts from the three options given below each question to make the sentence grammatically correct. If there is an error in any part of the sentence and none of the alternatives is correct to replace that part, then choose (d) i.e. None of the (I), (II) and (III) as your answer. If the given sentence is grammatically correct or does not require any correction, choose (e) i.e. No correction required as your answer.
Q15. The latest resolution had banned the export of (I)/coal, iron, lead and seafood products, which representing one-third of last year’s exports (II)/ and estimated to be worth of $ one billion. (III)
(I) The latest resolution would ban the export of
(II) coal, iron, lead and seafood products, represent one-third of last year’s exports
(III) and estimates to be worth of $ one billion
(a)Only (II)
(b)Both (I) and (III)
(c)Both (II) and (III)
(d)None of the (I), (II) and (III)
(e)No correction required
Solutions
S1. Ans. (c)
Sol. In the first part of the sentence, “had reached” should be replaced by “has reached” as the sentence is in Present Tense and the adjective “dire” should be replaced by the adverb “direly”. The second part of the sentence is absolutely correct and is in accordance with the correct grammar usage. In part (III), “had been” should be replaced by “has been” as the sentence is in Present Tense and “America’s option” should be replaced by “America’s options” as the number it denotes is in plural. Hence only (I) and (III) parts of the sentence require correction, which are aptly given in corrected options.
S2. Ans. (a)
Sol. The phrase “war hysteria” as used in the sentence means a massive emotional reaction to a war, generally by the people of one of the involved parties in said war. Thus among the given three statements only statement (II) expresses the true meaning of the phrase given in bold in the sentence without altering its meaning. Hence (a) is the correct option.
S3. Ans.(e)
Sol. Option (e) is the correct choice. In option (3) refer to “duplicated many times”, tape recorder means an apparatus for recording sounds on magnetic tape and afterwards reproducing them, here, reproducing means produce a “copy”. Therefore in a way, the Brahmin priest was behaving like a tape recorder. The same can be said about option (2) where it says, they are supposed to keep the Veda unchanged and in the way it is again signifying that they act like a tape recorder. Option (1) is also correct as there is a reference of memorization and recitation. Therefore, option (e) is the correct choice.
S4. Ans. (c)
Sol. Among the given options, only (c) forms the correct sentence which is correct and meaningful both in terms of grammar and context. Other options are either grammatically incorrect or contextually meaningless. Moreover, sentences (a), (b) and (d) do not follow the correct grammar structure to frame the sentence. Hence (c) is the correct option.
S5. Ans. (a)
Sol. In the first part of the sentence, the correct phrase is “An overwhelming majority of cases in the US are settled” as the word “majority” in the sentence describes a collection of individuals and thus it should be followed by a plural verb “are”. The second and the third parts of the sentence are grammatically correct and do not require any correction. The phrasal verb “come down” as used in the second part of the sentence means reach a decision or recommendation in favour of one side or another while the phrasal verb “come over” as used in the option means change to another side or point of view.
Hence the phrasal verb “come down” is the correct usage in context of its meaning to the sentence.
S6. Ans.(a)
Sol. Offerings mean a thing offered, especially as a gift or contribution.
Rebuke means express sharp disapproval or criticism of (someone) because of their behaviour or actions. The second sentence gives us hint that ‘rebukes’ is the correct choice as the sentence is indicating towards the negative aspects of tithing and offerings and how it might cause criticism from God
S7. Ans. (c)
Sol. The paragraph is all about the importance of sagacity of animals when they work in their own social environment. But once they are ousted from their comfort zone by some external forces, they lose their effectiveness and ultimately the separation leads them to give up on their efforts. Thus among the three given inferences, statements (I) and (II) can be eliminated on the basis of lack of proper and central idea of the paragraph as they just form the parts of the facts given in the paragraph while statement (III) comprehensively expresses the true meaning of the passage and draws the most appropriate inference for the same. Hence (c) is the correct option.
S8. Ans. (a)
Sol. Both the paragraphs 1 and 3, talk about the need for conservation of tiger population and certain strict measures for the purpose. Both these articles fail to give any hint regarding the development process. Thus the given inference is untrue to both of them. In the case of paragraph 2, it is mentioned that protection mechanisms to conserve the tiger population is the need of the hour, but it should not be considered a drag on development. It is particularly mentioned in the last sentence of the paragraph that conservation is sidelined in favor of more human-centered priorities which should not have been the case. Thus the given inference, “Conservation should not be considered a drag on development” can be generated from this paragraph. Hence (a) is the correct option.
S9. Ans. (b)
Sol. Only option (b) among the given options forms a meaningful and grammatically correct sentence. Other options are structurally incorrect and form contextually meaningless statements which make no harmony with the meaning of the sentences given in the question. Hence (b) is the correct choice.
S10. Ans. (c)
Sol. In the first part of the sentence, add “that” after “must be” as the determiner “that” is required to make the sentence meaningful. In the second part of the sentence, the phrase “was serving” should be replaced by “has served” as the sentence is basically in the Present Tense. In the third part of the sentence, the preposition “with” should be replaced by “in” as the correct phrase is “in the perspective of” which means to compare something to other things so that it can be accurately and fairly judged and there should be inclusion of definite article “the” before “comity of nations” to make the sentence grammatically correct. Hence (c) is the correct option where there are errors in all three parts of the sentence with their correct versions provided in the options.
S11. Ans.(a)
Sol. Option (a) is the correct choice as only paragraph (1) is correct. Paragraph (3) is talking about the dysfunctional element of our society only and is not giving any hint about how it must be tackled. Paragraph (2) is focusing on the topic of upgrading our system and facilities, but we cannot draw the given conclusion from it as the paragraph is very subtle in approach. Paragraph (1) is correct; refer to “pure public good such as health, ” and also prioritizing of access to health facilities with reasonable costs is the theme of the passage.
S12. Ans.(b)
Sol. ‘inmate, confabulations’ is the correct choice for the given question.
Inmate means a person living in an institution such as a prison or hospital. The sentences are talking about prison so ‘inmate’ is one valid option. Convalescent means a person who is recovering after an illness or medical treatment and therefore option (d) is incorrect and so is option (a) as both impatient and commiserations are illogical. Confabulations means engage in conversation; talk. Sentence (2) gives a hint of gathering because of the use of the word chairs so confabulation is valid and option (b) fits both the sentences perfectly. Dissonance means lack of agreement or harmony between people or things therefore it makes option (e) incorrect.
S13. Ans. (a)
Sol. The paragraph talks about the focus of economic policies towards the Indian middle class since the mid-80s. It explains how with the proper execution of economic policies and the growing incomes of people, marketing structures have paved its way towards the rural India. Thus among the given three inferences, statements (II) and (III) are out of context of the paragraph as they are highlighting the importance of aspirations and deprivations of the Indian middle class, which is not the central theme of the passage while statement (I) correctly derives the inference as per the idea behind the paragraph. Hence (a) is the correct option.
S14. Ans. (d)
Sol. All other options except (d), are not correctly structured to bring out the correct and meaningful sentence. Other options change the complexion and meaning of the sentences given in the question. They also violate the rules of grammar and thus frame contextually different sentence. Hence (d) is the only option that frames the sentence both grammatically and contextually correct.
S15. Ans. (d)
Sol. There are errors in all three parts of the sentence and at the same time none of the options is correct enough to make the sentence grammatically correct.
The correct sentence after correcting the required grammatical errors is –
“The latest resolution bans the export of coal, iron, lead and seafood products, representing one-third of last year’s exports and estimated to be worth $ one billion.”
It is to be noted that the sentence is in Present Tense as it can be verified from the phrase “The latest resolution”, thus in the first part of the sentence, “bans” is the correct usage. In the second part, the use of determiner “which” is incorrect and in the third part, the use of “of” after “worth” is superfluous as the word “worth” itself means having income or property amounting to a specified sum. Hence (d) is the correct option.
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