Table of Contents
Direction (1-5): In these questions a small paragraph is given followed by four possible inferences which may or may not be correct. You have to choose the option which gives the best possible inference of the given paragraph. If none of the given option successfully infer the given paragraph, choose option (e) i.e., “none of these” as your answer choice.
Q1. There is a way to dramatically cut down on the number of people impacted by disasters, and that is by using data. If we are to save lives and prevent damage to economies, it is critical to identify the most vulnerable populations. Data on these communities can be used to pursue ‘risk-informed development’.For instance, road infrastructure can be built by calculating the intensity of floods and determining the types of materials needed to construct durable roads.
(a) Data can help reduce the number of people impacted by natural disasters
(b) Data and statistics are important in understanding the impacts and costs of disasters.
(c) Data collection, analysis, and management can help both short and long-term development goals
(d) Data identifies the gap between the availability and allocation of resources.
(e) none of these
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Q2. While one can debate the economic costs and benefits of GST, the analogy with elections is logically flawed. Indeed, the concept of simultaneous elections fundamentally runs against the grain of our Westminster-style federal political union. “One nation, one election” would make sense if India were a unitary state. But we are a union of states, which is philosophically and politically an essentially different conception of the Indian nation-state.
(a) simultaneous elections are a “ploy” to keep people away from forming a government.
(b) GST swept away a raft of state-specific excise taxes and replaced them with a uniform tax structure.
(c) simultaneous elections would require a slew of constitutional amendments.
(d) simultaneous elections would compromise the strength of India’s federal structure.
(e) none of these
Q3. Capitalism rests on the bedrock of legitimacy. A lot depends on whether voters see businessmen as robber barons or men of enterprise. In a fascinating paper, which was first published in 2013 but has come into prominence more recently, economist NimishAdhia has shown that the 1991 economic reforms were preceded by a shift in popular narratives about capitalism in Hindi films.
(a) Heavy regulation promotes corruption.
(b) Movies that celebrated wealth did well at the box office.
(c) Economic reforms need to break the grip of stigmatized capitalism.
(d) Hindi films show us public perception of how capitalism works in country.
(e) none of these
Q4. The aviation market has seen a long spell of unprecedented growth over the past few decades. However, 2016 was the first year in a decade that Indian airlines collectively came into the black. Moreover, The Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation predicts consolidated industry losses of between $430-460 million in FY19. Jet Airways has never truly looked healthy after its troubles during the dog days at the end of the last decade.
(a) The unprecedented investment in aviation industry has resulted in the losses incurred by the companies.
(b) Due to the unmatched growth of the aviation market, it has experienced low profits over the decades.
(c) The aviation industry has gained huge profits after the expansion of its resources.
(d) Despite the aviation market’s breakneck growth over the past few decades, airlines now have to tackle the issue of increasing loss.
(e) None of these
Q5. President Donald Trump accuses the media of being “the opposition party,” implying a failure of objectivity. But it’s not a bad thing for opinion journalism, including the editorial boards of major newspapers, to see them as the opposition to Trump. Opposition like that keeps democracy alive, and constitutes one of the core responsibilities of a free press.
(a) A free press is that it expresses a variety of opinions, especially those that differ from the government.
(b) Democracy needs the press as opposition for informing the public, by presenting another point of view than the president’s.
(c) Opinions are provisional, not objectively provable.
(d) The justification for a free press doesn’t depend on its being objective.
(e) None of these
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Directions (6-10): For the questions given below 8 sentences are given which may or may not be jumbled. These sentences form a coherent paragraph (not every sentence). Read each question carefully and then answer accordingly.
(A) The Government of India is in the process of revisiting the Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Policy.
(B)On the one hand, the words are used to belittle practical objectives of producing something useful.
(C)The current system for rewards relies heavily on bibliometric indicators despite the knowledge that publications alone do not lead to national development.
(D) That leads one to look at the nomenclature used by researchers for this purpose.
(E)At this stage we need to ponder the question: what kind of research should be funded?
(F) Here it is pertinent to recall what William Shockley said in his Nobel lecture in 1956, that words like “pure, applied, unrestricted, fundamental, basic, academic, industrial, practical etc.” are being used frequently “in a derogatory sense.
(G)On the other hand, they are used to brush off the possible long-range value of explorations into new areas where a useful outcome cannot be foreseen.
(H)The policy will guide the agencies of the government mandated with funding research in higher education institutions and national laboratories.
Q6. If the sentence (A), “The Government of India is in the process of revisiting the Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Policy. ” is the first sentence of the paragraph so formed after the Rearrangement, which of the following sentences does not belong to the paragraph?
(a)E
(b)D
(c)G
(d)F
(e)C
Q7. If the sentence (G), “On the other hand, they are used to brush off the possible long-range value of explorations into new areas where a useful outcome cannot be foreseen.” is the last sentence of the paragraph so formed after the Rearrangement of other sentences and the exclusion of incoherent sentence, which of the following sentences can follow the sentence (G) coherently?
(a)To provide some granularity, one can divide PAR into early-stage PAR, and late-stage PAR.
(b)Experts in science and technology studies have come up with alternate frameworks and terminology to provide a comprehensive picture and avoid any value judgement.
(c)When examined from the perspective of national development, pursuit of AR alone, while necessary, is not sufficient.
(d)All of this happens at an unbelievably fast rate.
(e)It is often said that India’s investment in research is lower than that by advanced countries.
Q8. If the sentence (A), “The Government of India is in the process of revisiting the Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Policy.” is the first sentence of the paragraph so formed after the Rearrangement of other sentences and the exclusion of incoherent one, which of the following combinations denotes that the latter sentence would immediately follow its former one i.e., the first sentence would be immediately followed by the second one?
(a)E-B
(b)D-C
(c)A-F
(d)H-E
(e)F-C
Q9. If the sentence(H), “The policy will guide the agencies of the government mandated with funding research in higher education institutions and national laboratories.” follows the sentence (A) after rearranging the other sentences into a coherent paragraph and excluding the incoherent sentence, which of the following sentences can replace the sentence (H) without altering the theme of the coherent paragraph?
(a)One approach was proposed by NASA in the form of Technology Readiness Levels (TRL), a type of measurement system used to assess the maturity level of a particular technology.
(b)TRL-2 corresponds to formulation of technology at the level of concepts.
(c)The policy aims to “realign priorities, sectoral focus and methods of research and technology development with the goals of larger socio-economic progress.”
(d)AR and PAR when pursued together and taken to their logical conclusion will result in a product or a process, or a better clinical practice
(e) None of the above.
Q10. If the sentence (A), “The Government of India is in the process of revisiting the Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Policy.” is the first statement and the sentence (G) the last of the coherent paragraph so formed after the Rearrangement of other sentences and the elimination of the incoherent one, which of the following options depicts the most appropriate sequence of the coherent paragraph?
(a)ADCBFHG
(b) AHEDFBG
(c)ADFCBHG
(d) ABFDBEG
(e)ADCFBHG
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Directions (11-15): Given below are six sentence (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) which may not be in the logical sequence. Rearrange the sentences to form a meaningful paragraph and answer the questions that follow.
(A)This has come afterthe country has gradually unlocked and most migrants have returned home
(B)The reality is entirely the reverse.
(C) India’s labouring poor have largely disappeared even from the inner pages of many newspapers and from television screens.
(D)It is as though the devastating impact of the unprecedented closure of the entire
economy, which was already in recession, will endure for a long time.
(E)The wrenching distress of mass hunger and sudden unemployment that racked their lives has somehow passed.
(F) However, the immense suffering of the poor has been rendered invisible by the collective indifference of the state and the rich and middle classes.
Q11. Which among the following is the FIRST sentence of the rearranged paragraph?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) E
(e) D
Q12. Which among the following is the SECOND sentence of the rearranged paragraph?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) E
(e) D
Q13. Which among the following is the FIFTH sentence of the rearranged paragraph?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) F
(e) D
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Q14. Which among the following is the FOURTH sentence of the rearranged paragraph?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) E
(e) D
Q15. Which among the following is the SIXTH sentence of the rearranged paragraph?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) F
(e) D
Solutions
S1. Ans. (a)
Sol. The paragraph is describing how the appropriate data collection may reduce number of lives impacted due to natural disasters. Option (a) expresses the inference of the paragraph. All the other options are irrelevant in context of the paragraph. Hence, option (a) is the most viable answer choice.
S2. Ans. (d)
Sol. Simultaneous elections mean structuring the Indian election cycle in a manner that elections to LokSabha and State Assemblies are synchronised together. The given paragraph is describing about its impact on the federal structure of the nation. All the other options are irrelevant in context to the paragraph. Hence, option (d) successfully infer the meaning of the given paragraph.
S3. Ans. (d)
Sol. The given paragraph describes that the economic reforms have noticed a shift in the public perceptions which are influenced by Hindi films. Therefore, option (d) infers the given paragraph in the most appropriate manner. All the other options are irrelevant in the context of the paragraph. Hence, option (d) is the most suitable answer choice.
S4. Ans. (d)
Sol. The correct inference that can be drawn from the paragraph is “Despite the aviation market’s breakneck growth over the past few decades, airlines now have to tackle the issue of increasing loss”. Other choices are either irrelevant in context to the paragraph or contain contextual errors in them. The paragraph is describing about the fall in the profits of the aviation industry despite its unprecedented growth. Therefore, the only option that draws the correct inference is option (d).
S5. Ans. (b)
Sol. The correct inference that can be drawn from the paragraph is “Democracy needs the press as opposition for informing the public, by presenting another point of view than the president’s”. Other choices are either irrelevant in context to the paragraph or contain contextual errors in them. The paragraph is describing about the importance of free journalism in a democracy. Therefore, the only option that draws the correct inference is option (b).
S6. Ans. (e)
Sol. The correct sequence is AHEDFBG.
(A) The Government of India is in the process of revisiting the Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Policy.
(H)The policy will guide the agencies of the government mandated with funding research in higher education institutions and national laboratories.
(E)At this stage we need to ponder the question: what kind of research should be funded?
(D) That leads one to look at the nomenclature used by researchers for this purpose.
(F) Here it is pertinent to recall what William Shockley said in his Nobel lecture in 1956, that words like “pure, applied, unrestricted, fundamental, basic, academic, industrial, practical etc.” are being used frequently “in a derogatory sense.
(B)On the one hand, the words are used to belittle practical objectives of producing something useful.
(G)On the other hand, they are used to brush off the possible long-range value of explorations into new areas where a useful outcome cannot be foreseen.”
Hence, option (e) is the right answer choice.
S7. Ans. (b)
Sol. The correct sequence is AHEDFBG.
(A) The Government of India is in the process of revisiting the Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Policy.
(H)The policy will guide the agencies of the government mandated with funding research in higher education institutions and national laboratories.
(E)At this stage we need to ponder the question: what kind of research should be funded?
(D) That leads one to look at the nomenclature used by researchers for this purpose.
(F) Here it is pertinent to recall what William Shockley said in his Nobel lecture in 1956, that words like “pure, applied, unrestricted, fundamental, basic, academic, industrial, practical etc.” are being used frequently “in a derogatory sense.
(B)On the one hand, the words are used to belittle practical objectives of producing something useful.
(G)On the other hand, they are used to brush off the possible long-range value of explorations into new areas where a useful outcome cannot be foreseen.”
Hence, option (b) is the right answer choice.
S8. Ans. (d)
Sol. The correct sequence is AHEDFBG.
(A) The Government of India is in the process of revisiting the Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Policy.
(H)The policy will guide the agencies of the government mandated with funding research in higher education institutions and national laboratories.
(E)At this stage we need to ponder the question: what kind of research should be funded?
(D) That leads one to look at the nomenclature used by researchers for this purpose.
(F) Here it is pertinent to recall what William Shockley said in his Nobel lecture in 1956, that words like “pure, applied, unrestricted, fundamental, basic, academic, industrial, practical etc.” are being used frequently “in a derogatory sense.
(B)On the one hand, the words are used to belittle practical objectives of producing something useful.
(G)On the other hand, they are used to brush off the possible long-range value of explorations into new areas where a useful outcome cannot be foreseen.”
Hence, option (d) is the right answer choice.
S9. Ans. (c)
Sol. The correct sequence is AHEDFBG.
(A) The Government of India is in the process of revisiting the Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Policy.
(H)The policy will guide the agencies of the government mandated with funding research in higher education institutions and national laboratories.
(E)At this stage we need to ponder the question: what kind of research should be funded?
(D) That leads one to look at the nomenclature used by researchers for this purpose.
(F) Here it is pertinent to recall what William Shockley said in his Nobel lecture in 1956, that words like “pure, applied, unrestricted, fundamental, basic, academic, industrial, practical etc.” are being used frequently “in a derogatory sense.
(B)On the one hand, the words are used to belittle practical objectives of producing something useful.
(G)On the other hand, they are used to brush off the possible long-range value of explorations into new areas where a useful outcome cannot be foreseen.”
Hence, option (c) is the right answer choice.
S10. Ans. (b)
Sol. The correct sequence is AHEDFBG.
(A) The Government of India is in the process of revisiting the Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Policy.
(H)The policy will guide the agencies of the government mandated with funding research in higher education institutions and national laboratories.
(E)At this stage we need to ponder the question: what kind of research should be funded?
(D) That leads one to look at the nomenclature used by researchers for this purpose.
(F) Here it is pertinent to recall what William Shockley said in his Nobel lecture in 1956, that words like “pure, applied, unrestricted, fundamental, basic, academic, industrial, practical etc.” are being used frequently “in a derogatory sense.
(B)On the one hand, the words are used to belittle practical objectives of producing something useful.
(G)On the other hand, they are used to brush off the possible long-range value of explorations into new areas where a useful outcome cannot be foreseen.”
Hence, option (b)is the right answer choice.
S11. Ans. (c)
Sol. The correct sequence is CAEBDF.
(C) India’s labouring poor have largely disappeared even from the inner pages of many newspapers and from television screens.
(A)This has come after the country has gradually unlocked and most migrants have returned home
(E)It is as though the wrenching distress of mass hunger and sudden unemployment that racked their lives has somehow passed.
(B)The reality is entirely the reverse.
(D)The devastating impact of the unprecedented closure of the entire economy, which was already in recession, will endure for a long time.
(F) However, the immense suffering of the poor has been rendered invisible by the collective indifference of the state and the rich and middle classes.
Hence, option (c) is the right answer choice.
S12. Ans. (a)
Sol. The correct sequence is CAEBDF.
(C) India’s labouring poor have largely disappeared even from the inner pages of many newspapers and from television screens.
(A)This has come after the country has gradually unlocked and most migrants have returned home
(E)It is as though the wrenching distress of mass hunger and sudden unemployment that racked their lives has somehow passed.
(B)The reality is entirely the reverse.
(D)The devastating impact of the unprecedented closure of the entire economy, which was already in recession, will endure for a long time.
(F) However, the immense suffering of the poor has been rendered invisible by the collective indifference of the state and the rich and middle classes.
Hence, option (a) is the right answer choice.
S13. Ans. (e)
Sol. The correct sequence is CAEBDF.
(C) India’s labouring poor have largely disappeared even from the inner pages of many newspapers and from television screens.
(A)This has come after the country has gradually unlocked and most migrants have returned home
(E)It is as though the wrenching distress of mass hunger and sudden unemployment that racked their lives has somehow passed.
(B)The reality is entirely the reverse.
(D)The devastating impact of the unprecedented closure of the entire economy, which was already in recession, will endure for a long time.
(F) However, the immense suffering of the poor has been rendered invisible by the collective indifference of the state and the rich and middle classes.
Hence, option (e) is the right answer choice.
S14. Ans. (b)
Sol. The correct sequence is CAEBDF.
(C) India’s labouring poor have largely disappeared even from the inner pages of many newspapers and from television screens.
(A)This has come after the country has gradually unlocked and most migrants have returned home
(E)It is as though the wrenching distress of mass hunger and sudden unemployment that racked their lives has somehow passed.
(B)The reality is entirely the reverse.
(D)The devastating impact of the unprecedented closure of the entire economy, which was already in recession, will endure for a long time.
(F) However, the immense suffering of the poor has been rendered invisible by the collective indifference of the state and the rich and middle classes.
Hence, option (b) is the right answer choice.
S15. Ans. (d)
Sol. The correct sequence is CAEBDF.
(C) India’s labouring poor have largely disappeared even from the inner pages of many newspapers and from television screens.
(A)This has come after the country has gradually unlocked and most migrants have returned home
(E)It is as though the wrenching distress of mass hunger and sudden unemployment that racked their lives has somehow passed.
(B)The reality is entirely the reverse.
(D)The devastating impact of the unprecedented closure of the entire economy, which was already in recession, will endure for a long time.
(F) However, the immense suffering of the poor has been rendered invisible by the collective indifference of the state and the rich and middle classes.
Hence, option (d) is the right answer choice.
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