Directions (1-5): In each of the given questions an inference is given in bold which is then followed by three paragraphs. You must find the paragraph(s) from where it is inferred. Choose the option with the best possible outcome as your choice.
Q1. South Korea’s President doesn’t share U.S. goals on North Korea.
[I] South Korean leader Moon claims to be the mediator between the White House and Pyongyang, but it isn’t clear he’s representing the U.S. position. Instead he is pressing the U.S. to give benefits to North Korea in return for mere steps toward denuclearization. He has adopted the North’s position that the negotiations should agree to “phased and synchronous measures,” meaning the North gets benefits in exchange for incremental steps such as allowing inspectors to visit nuclear sites.
[II] The matter of denuclearization of North Korea became worse since Moon was personally invested in a Trump-Kim summit. He and his administration worked tirelessly to make it happen in hopes that Washington and Pyongyang could agree on the future of North Korea’s nuclear program. Of course, part of his motivation to do this was to protect South Koreans from Pyongyang’s nuclear arsenal. However, trump calls off the meeting
[III] North Korea’s entire foreign policy and national identity has evolved around the threat of war with America. As a result, they’ve always been trying to improve their military capabilities in order to deter the US from invading.
(a) only (I)
(b) only (II)
(c) only (III)
(d) Both (I) and (II)
(e) All (I), (II) and (III)
Q2. Banks needs to step up the digital game.
[I] With digital platforms are enjoying increasing customer trust and reliance, banks need to respond by improving their digital marketing capabilities — nurturing a digital brand image that places them top of mind for customers. Customer adoption of digital banking has gone beyond online transactions to an increased number of digital purchases of banking products.
[II] Traditional banks must evaluate their place within the payments ecosystem and be open to partnering with FinTechs and third-party developers to drive value collaboratively. The Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to transform the payments market landscape as more and more devices are connected. In mature markets, a combination of near field communication (NFC), contactless technology, internet banking and mobile payments are fueling growth.
[III] In Asia, customers rely quite heavily on the internet to evaluate banking products such as credit cards and auto loans, and to compare products, benefits and prices before purchase. For banks, a focused digital marketing effort will involve building up their online brand and presence and investing in customer acquisition campaigns and engagement through social media, internet advertising and other media.
(a) only (I)
(b) only (II)
(c) only (III)
(d) Both (I) and (III)
(e) All (I), (II) and (III)
Q3. Rapid changes in climate is becoming a threat to agriculture.
[I] Agricultural pollution refers to biotic and abiotic byproducts of farming practices that result in contamination or degradation of the environment and surrounding ecosystems, and/or cause injury to humans and their economic interests. The pollution may come from a variety of sources, ranging from point source water pollution (from a single discharge point) to more diffuse, landscape-level causes, also known as non-point source pollution.
[II] Climate change has perhaps posed the most extreme challenges that agriculture in India and across the world has to deal with today and in the future. There is now scientific consensus that the world is getting warmer due to climate change and such increasing weather variability and worsening extremes will impact the agriculture sector more and more adversely.
[III] Climate change is already affecting agriculture, with effects unevenly distributed across the world. Future climate change will likely negatively affect crop production in low latitude countries, while effects in northern latitudes may be positive or negative. Climate change will probably increase the risk of food insecurity for some vulnerable groups, such as the poor. Animal agriculture is also responsible for greenhouse gas production of CO2 and a percentage of the world’s methane, and future land infertility, and the displacement of local species.
(a) Both (II) and (III)
(b) only (II)
(c) only (III)
(d) only (I)
(e) All (I), (II) and (III)
Q4. Nanotechnology has benefitted by simplifying the complex procedures of many fields.
[I] Many benefits of nanotechnology depend on the fact that it is possible to tailor the structures of materials at extremely small scales to achieve specific properties, thus greatly extending the materials science toolkit. Using nanotechnology, materials can effectively be made stronger, lighter, more durable, more reactive, more sieve-like, or better electrical conductors, among many other traits. Moreover, nanoscale additives to or surface treatments of fabrics can provide lightweight ballistic energy deflection in personal body armor, or can help them resist wrinkling, staining, and bacterial growth.
[II] Authors David Yeo, Ph.D., and Prof. Chenjie Xu, Ph.D., of the School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering at Nanyang Technological University (Singapore) use NanoFlare to enable biopsy-free disease diagnosis and progression monitoring in response to therapy. This vision of simplifying disease diagnosis using topically-applied nanotechnology could change the way skin diseases such as abnormal scars are diagnosed and managed.
[III] Nanotechnology shows promise here and researchers have already begun to develop nano-based versions of existing pesticides and fertilizers. These nanoagrochemicals have several advantages over conventional formulas – for example, they might be delivered directly to a pest and/or may be more efficient.
(a) Both (II) and (III)
(b) only (II)
(c) only (III)
(d) only (I)
(e) All (I), (II) and (III)
Q5. Policy forces schools to sweep learning deficits at the foundational level under the carpet.
[I] Council monitors the school’s financial performance against the budget in conjunction with the principal. The convenor of the finance committee, as elected from council members, is preferably a non-Department parent member or a community member. The business manager/bursar should not hold this position. The convenor may be appointed as treasurer by council.
[II] The findings of the National Achievement Survey (NAS) 2018, which tested learning outcomes in schools, reflect the damage the Right to Education’s ‘no detention till Class VIII’ policy has caused. The Union government moved last year to scrap the policy—after 24 states insisted on this—and it is likely to go soon. But given it has been in effect for over eight years, it would likely have impaired learning for millions of Indian students.
[III] The no-detention policy was implemented to emulate education policy in many developed jurisdictions—the idea was to lessen the stress of exams on students in the junior classes. It also had an ancillary benefit for the government; it kept primary level enrolment numbers high.
(a) Both (II) and (III)
(b) only (II)
(c) only (III)
(d) only (I)
(e) All (I), (II) and (III)
Solutions
S1. Ans. (d)
Sol. Read the paragraphs carefully. The given inference can be concluded from paragraph (I) as well as paragraph (II). Both the paragraphs are clearly depicting the difference in the view of South Korea’s president and US president regarding the denuclearization of North Korea. It can be noted from the sentence in the paragraph (I) “Instead he is…denuclearization”. This sentence expresses that SK’s expects more benefits from US. Moreover, paragraph (II) is describing how the matters have gone worse about the denuclearization of North Korea. We can receive the hint from the sentence [the matter of denuclearization… Trump-Kim summit]. However, paragraph (III) is describing about North Korea’s foreign policy to protect itself from the US attacks. Therefore, option (d) becomes the most viable answer choice.
S2. Ans. (e)
Sol. Read the paragraphs carefully. Among the given paragraphs all three of them provide the given inference. It is to be noted that the paragraphs are describing about the requirement of technological innovations in banking industry according to the growing demands by customers for digitization. Since, all three paragraphs describe the need to improve and innovate the technology in banking sector, option (e) becomes the most suitable answer choice.
S3. Ans. (a)
Sol. Among the given paragraphs, both paragraph (II) and paragraph (III) can be used to infer the given inference. Paragraph (II) is stating about the consequences the world is facing due to climate change, especially in reference to the agriculture. While, paragraph (III) is also describing how changes in climate is affecting agriculture which will ultimately affect the entire human race as well as animals. However, paragraph (I) has provided information on agriculture pollution and causes leading to it. Hence, option (a) becomes the most viable answer choice.
S4. Ans. (e)
Sol. Read the given paragraph carefully. It should be noted that all three paragraphs are following a mutual theme by describing about the applications of nanotechnology in several fields. Paragraph (I) is describing about the usage of nanotechnology and nanoparticles in the production of lightweight fabrics for body armors. In addition to, paragraph (II) is describing about the utilization of nanotechnology in the field of medical science by simplifying the complex therapy such as biopsy. Moreover, paragraph (III) is mentioning about the implementation of nanotechnology in production of pesticides and fertilizers. Since, the given inference can be implied from all the given paragraphs, option (e) becomes the most viable answer choice.
S5. Ans. (b)
Sol. After reading the paragraphs carefully, it can be understood that the given inference is deducted from paragraph (II). It is to be noted that only paragraph (II) is describing about the negative implication of the policy on the learning of the students that had been implemented in the past. However, paragraph (I) is describing about the financial management of the school my councils, thus stands incorrect. Moreover, there might some confusion with paragraph (III) since, it is also describing about the policy implemented for students. However, it does not state any negative effect of the policy which is mentioned in the given inference. This can be understood from the word “deficit” in the inference. ‘Deficit’ means a deficit is the amount by which a sum falls short of some reference amount. Here, it is used in reference with ‘learning’. Thus, the inference is stating about the policy that has become like a veil to hide the drawbacks of learning system. Therefore, option (b) becomes the most suitable answer choice.
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