Directions (1-5): Read the following passage and answer the questions following it. Several alphabets are given to help you assist in answering those questions.
(I) A labour union is an organized formed by workers in a particular trade, industry, or company for the purpose of improving pay, benefits, and working conditions. Officially known as a “labour organization,” and also called a “trade union” or a “workers union,” a labour union selects representatives to _______(A)______ with employers in a process known as collective bargaining.
When successful, the bargaining results in an agreement that _______(D)_______ working conditions for a period of time. Unions organized by workers to fight for employee rights and protections, such as a shorter workday and minimum wage, have a long history in the United States. In fact, the first worker strike predates the American Revolution, and the first union was established by Philadelphia shoemakers in 1794. In 1881, the Federation of Organized Trades and Labour Unions was formed, followed five years later by the American Federation of Labour (AFL).
(B) Labour unions have a beneficial (1) structure, holding elections (2) to choose officers who are charged with making decisions (3) that are democratic (4) to the members. Employees pay dues to the union and, in return, the labour union acts as an advocate on the employees’ behalf. (C) Labour unions are often industry-specific and tend to be most common today among public sector (government) employees and those in transportation and utilities.
To form a union, a locally based group of employees obtains a ________(F)________ from a national-level labour organization. Nearly all unions are structured and work in similar ways.
Q1. Which of the following words given in the options should come at the place marked as (A) in the above passage to make it grammatically correct and meaningful? Also, the word should fill in the two sentences given below to make them contextually correct and meaningful.
(i) Those who are more prominent and in-demand typically _________________ for more.
(ii) Networks and advertisers __________________ deals based on ratings estimated by the network.
(a) Negotiate
(b) Lament
(c) Ramify
(d) Secrete
(e) None of these
Q2. The sentence given in (B) has four words given in bold. Amongst the given bold words which of the followings must interchange to make the sentence grammatically and contextually correct and meaningful?
(a) 1-3
(b) 2-3
(c) 2-4
(d) 1-4
(e) None of these
Q3. In the above passage, a sentence (C) is given in Italics. There may or may not be an error in one part of the sentence. Choose the part which has an error in it as your answer. If there is no error, then choose option (e) as your answer.
(a) and tend to be most common today
(b) No Error
(c) Labour unions are often industry-specific
(d) among public sector (government) employees
(e) those in transportation and utilities
Q4. Which of the following words should fill the given blank (D) to make it contextually correct and meaningful?
(a) brawls
(b) undermine
(c) infers
(d) stipulates
(e) None of the above
Q5. Which of the following words given in the options should come at the place marked as (F) in the above paragraph to make it grammatically and contextually meaningful and correct? Also, the word should fill the two sentences given below to make them contextually correct and meaningful?
(i) Your rights and responsibilities are defined in the citizens’ ______________.
(ii) After the first World War, several countries drew up a _______________ to form the League of Nations, the precursor to the United Nations.
(a) Charter
(b) Acquisition
(c) Protocol
(d) Altercation
(e) None of the above
Solutions:
S1. Ans. (a)
Sol. Among the given words, “negotiate” fits aptly in the context of the passage as it means to deal or bargain with another or others, as in the preparation of a treaty or contract or in preliminaries to a business deal.
All the other words are either contextually incoherent to the passage or they fail to fit in either of the sentences. Hence, option (a) becomes the most suitable answer choice.
S2. Ans. (d)
Sol. The position of the words ‘beneficial’ and ‘democratic’ may seem grammatically correct but they prevent the sentence from making contextual sense. Hence, option (d) is the correct replacement.
S3. Ans. (b)
Sol. There is no error in the sentence.
S4. Ans. (d)
Sol. Stipulate means demand or specify (a requirement), typically as part of a bargain or agreement.
Brawl- to fight loudly and disruptively.
Undermine- to weaken or subvert (usu. gradually or secretly).
Infer- to guess, conclude, or derive by reasoning.
S5. Ans. (a)
Sol. A charter is a formal document describing the rights, aims, or principles of an organization or group of people.
Acquisition- an asset or object bought or obtained, typically by a library or museum.
Protocol- the official procedure or system of rules governing affairs of state or diplomatic occasions.
Altercation- a noisy argument or confrontation.
. . . .
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